Mineral status and enteric methane production in dairy cows during different stages of lactation

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Ingredients, and chemical and mineral composition of a total mixed ration (TMR)

	Lactation stage¹
Item	Early	Middle	Late
Ingredients, g/kg of DM
Maize silage	249	288	334
Alfalfa silage	198	229	266
Wet distillers’ grains	71	82	95
Brewery	43	50	59
Beet pulp	50	58	68
Carrot	10	12	13
Rape seed meal	61	70	81
Wheat meal	50	58	68
Mineral supplements	16	16	16
Commercial concentrate²	237	137	0
Energize³	15	0	0
Forage: concentrate ratio	62:38	72:28	84:16
Chemical composition,⁴ g/kg of DM
OM	912	916	912
Ash	88	87	88
CP	179	185	188
EE	51	41	41
CF	162	180	200
aNDF	344	368	391
ADF	208	230	253
Macro mineral composition, g/kg DM
Ca	8.1	7.1	7.1
Na	4.8	4.5	4.7
K	11.4	12.3	13.5
Mg	3.3	3.1	2.9
Micro mineral composition, mg/kg DM
Fe	287	327	375
Mn	62	64	64
Zn	75	77	77
Cu	29	29	29

¹Early = early-stage lactation (1–100 days); Middle = middle-stage lactation (101–250 days); Late = late-stage lactation (> 250 days)
²Stated to contain (as g/kg of DM in concentrate) OM (900), VEM (1021), aNDFom (250), CP (21.5), EE (29)
³Stated to contain (as g/kg of DM in concentrate) OM (980), VEM (2067), EE (850)
⁴Chemical composition: OM = organic matter; CP = crude protein; EE = ether extract; CF = crude fiber; aNDF = neutral detergent fiber; ADF = acid detergent fiber; VEM = net energy

ISSN: 1746-6148