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Table 7 Chemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris and experimental diets

From: Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes incorporation on plasma metabolites and liver lipid composition of broilers

 

Microalga

Experimental Diets

Item

C. vulgaris

Control

CH

CHR

CHM

Energy, kcal ME/kg as fed basis

4586

4614

4627

4650

4615

Proximate composition, % as fed basis

Dry matter

93.1

89.0

89.6

89.3

86.4

Crude protein

42.8

19.9

20.4

19.8

19.1

Crude fat

8.73

6.59

7.56

7.63

7.41

Ash

11.8

5.60

6.08

6.21

6.13

Estimated available limiting amino acid composition, % as fed basis

Arginine

3.89

1.42

1.08

1.08

1.08

Histidine

0.65

0.55

0.43

0.43

0.43

Isoleucine

1.26

1.04

0.78

0.78

0.78

Leucine

2.45

1.81

1.44

1.44

1.44

Lysine

2.63

1.13

1.11

1.11

1.11

Methionine

0.45

0.60

0.61

0.61

0.61

Phenylalanine

1.49

1.13

0.87

0.87

0.87

Threonine

2.32

0.79

0.60

0.60

0.60

Tryptophan

0.47

0.29

0.22

0.22

0.22

Valine

3.52

1.12

0.86

0.86

0.86

Fatty acid profile, % total fatty acids

C14:0

1.10

0.10

0.14

0.14

0.19

C16:0

17.2

12.4

12.6

12.6

13.2

C16:1c9

3.90

0.09

0.95

0.98

1.15

C18:0

3.00

2.77

2.83

2.81

2.99

C18:1c9

11.7

21.6

22.1

22.6

23.2

C18:1c11

0.00

1.35

1.63

1.58

1.81

C18:2n-6

11.2

50.5

47.3

48.0

46.5

C18:3n-3

10.1

5.24

5.47

5.58

5.62

C20:0

0.20

0.33

0.32

0.33

0.33

C20:1c11

0.10

0.22

0.25

0.23

0.27

Diterpene profile, µg/g

     

α-Tocopherol

19.2

10.5

42.2

12.4

20.2

α-Tocotrienol

n.d.+

1.29

5.94

3.00

2.75

β-Tocopherol

0.34

0.44

0.98

0.52

0.66

γ-Tocopherol + β-tocotrienol

0.52

16.2

26.8

14.7

19.3

γ-Tocotrienol

0.56

2.50

7.60

3.92

3.36

δ-Tocopherol

0.36

2.00

4.44

2.79

2.90

Pigments, µg/g

     

β-Carotene

198

n.d.

83.6

37.3

45.1

Chlorophyll a1

906

0.67

307

339

200

Chlorophyll b2

171

0.90

96.3

104

40.0

Total chlorophylls3

1077

1.57

404

444

240

Total carotenoids4

228

3.61

102

108

47.7

Total chlorophylls + Carotenoids5

1305

5.17

505

552

288

  1. The broilers were fed: (1) a corn-soybean based diet (Control); (2) the based diet plus 10 % C. vulgaris (CH); (3) diet 2 supplemented with 0.005 % Rovabio® Excel AP; and (4) diet 2 supplemented with 0.01 % of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture (CHM)
  2. DM - dry matter; ME - metabolized energy; n.d. - not detected
  3. + Co-eluted with α-tocopherol
  4. 1 Ca = 11.24 × A662 − 2.04 × A645
  5. 2 Cb = 0.13 × A645 − 4.19 × A662
  6. 3 Ca + b = 7.05 × A662 + 18.09 × A645
  7. 4 Cx + c = (1000 × A470 − 1.90 × Ca − 63.14 × Cb) /214
  8. 5 (Ca + b) + (Cx + c)