Table 2 Risk factors associated with prevalence of haemoparasites among cattle in Jammu, North India according to different variables
| Â | Variable | Samples | No of animals positive (% positive for pathogen) | Total animals Positive (%) | 95% CI | Chi Square | df | P value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaplasma marginale | Babesia bigemina | Theileria annulata | Mixed | ||||||||||
Farm Management | Organized | 118 | 11 (9.3) | 10 (8.4) | 0 | 3(2.5) | 24 (20.3) | 14.2–26.4 | 9.49 | 1 | (P < 0.01) | constant | – |
Unorganized | 160 | 35 (21.8) | 17(10.6) | 02 (1.2) | 6(3.7) | 60(37.5) | 31.2–43.7 | 2.35 | 1.3–4.0 | ||||
Age | < 1 year | 53 | 6(11.3) | 2(3.7) | 0 | 1(1.8) | 9(16.9) | 8.5–25.4 | 7.56 | 2 | (P < 0.05) | constant | – |
1–3 year | 105 | 15(14.2) | 11(10.4) | 1(0.9) | 3(2.8) | 30(28.5) | 21.3–35.8 | 0.84 | 0.3–2.1 | ||||
> 3 year | 120 | 25(20.8) | 14(20.8) | 1(0.8) | 5(4.1) | 45(37.5) | 30.2–44.7 | 2.93 | 1.3–6.5 | ||||
Season | Winter | 60 | 2(3.3) | 1(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 3(5.0) | 0.3–9.6 | 32.56 | 3 | (P < 0.01) | constant | – |
Summer | 65 | 8(12.3) | 6(9.2) | 0 | 1(1.5) | 15(23.0) | 14.5–31.6 | 5.7 | 1.5–20.8 | ||||
Monsoon | 73 | 20(27.3) | 9(12.3) | 1(1.3) | 4(5.4) | 34(46.5) | 37.0–56.1 | 16.56 | 4.7–57.7 | ||||
Post monsoon | 80 | 16(20.0) | 11(13.7) | 1(1.2) | 4(5.0) | 32(40.0) | 31.0–48.9 | 12.6 | 3.6–43.9 | ||||
Breed | Indigenous | 52 | 5(9.6) | 3(5.7) | 0 | 0 | 8(15.3) | 7.1–23.5 | 6.67 | 1 | (P < 0.01) | constant | – |
Cross bred | 226 | 41(18.1) | 24(10.6) | 2(0.8) | 9(3.9) | 76(33.6) | 28.4–38.7 | 2.79 | 1.2–6.2 | ||||
Sex | Male | 12 | 1(8.3) | 1(8.3) | 0 | 0 | 2(16.6) | −0.9 – 34.3 | 1.09 | 1 | (P > 0.05) | constant | – |
Female | 266 | 45(16.9) | 26(9.7) | 2(0.7) | 9(3.3) | 82(30.8) | 26.1–35.4 | 2.29 | 0.4–10.4 | ||||