Serum biochemical parameters | T. evansi infected cattle (n = 3) | Candidatus M. haemobos infected cattle (n = 5) | T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 9) | T. orientalis + A. marginale infected cattle (n = 10) | A. platys + T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 3) | T. sinensis + C. M. haemobos infected cattle (n = 17) | T. orientalis + T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 9) | C. M. haemobos + T. sinensis + A. marginale infected cattle (n = 5) | Clinically healthy cattle (n = 17) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALP (U/L) | 351.00 ± 5.00d | 54.00 ± 6.35ab | 44.67 ± 4.22a | 57.50 ± 6.97ab | 51.00 ± 5.14ab | 82.35 ± 5.53bc | 65.63 ± 6.26ab | 107.25 ± 6.07c | 71.94 ± 4.62bc |
AST (U/L) | 135.50 ± 2.50a | 57.50 ± 5.92b | 81.00 ± 9.08b | 68.10 ± 9.17b | 67.00 ± 6.00b | 70.13 ± 5.53b | 71.13 ± 5.18b | 62.40 ± 7.69b | 78.86 ± 2.48b |
γ-GT (U/L) | 58.00 ± 1.00b | 19.50 ± 3.07a | 17.11 ± 2.90a | 31.20 ± 6.06a | 25.50 ± 6.50a | 20.38 ± 2.95a | 22.11 ± 4.28a | 29.20 ± 3.71a | 22.79 ± 1.48a |
Total proteins (g/L) | 92.40 ± 1.80c | 76.93 ± 4.05a | 75.29 ± 2.95ab | 79.73 ± 2.58b | 76.40 ± 1.00ab | 76.17 ± 1.68ab | 78.06 ± 2.80b | 76.13 ± 2.06ab | 71.85 ± 2.04ab |
Albumin (g/L) | 21.75 ± 0.65a | 27.95 ± 1.35b | 30.46 ± 0.99bc | 31.52 ± 0.80bc | 32.90 ± 3.40bcd | 32.62 ± 0.82bcd | 33.67 ± 1.19cd | 32.30 ± 2.03bc | 37.29 ± 0.75d |
Globulin (g/L) | 70.65 ± 1.15b | 48.98 ± 2.71a | 44.83 ± 2.57a | 48.21 ± 2.11a | 43.50 ± 2.40a | 43.56 ± 1.54a | 44.39 ± 2.42a | 43.83 ± 1.57a | 37.84 ± 1.03a |
A: G (Unit) | 0.31 ± 0.01a | 0.72 ± 0.02b | 0.70 ± 0.04b | 0.67 ± 0.03b | 0.84 ± 0.14bc | 0.75 ± 0.21b | 0.73 ± 0.04b | 0.76 ± 0.07b | 1.01 ± 0.03c |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 30.30 ± 0.50c | 5.05 ± 0.93ab | 9.27 ± 1.57b | 8.03 ± 1.29ab | 5.30 ± 0.01ab | 9.03 ± 1.04b | 7.37 ± 0.81ab | 7.88 ± 1.51ab | 3.87 ± 0.30a |
Conjugated bilirubin (μmol/L) | 8.50 ± 0.20b | 2.23 ± 0.44a | 3.58 ± 0.54a | 3.40 ± 0.47a | 2.30 ± 0.30a | 3.17 ± 0.27a | 2.75 ± 0.36a | 3.18 ± 0.51a | 2.17 ± 0.13a |
Unconjugated bilirubin (μmol/L) | 21.80 ± 0.30e | 2.83 ± 0.53ab | 5.69 ± 1.05cd | 4.63 ± 0.85bcd | 3.00 ± 0.30abc | 4.83 ± 0.50bcd | 4.61 ± 0.48bcd | 4.70 ± 1.03bcd | 1.41 ± 0.21a |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 191.50 ± 6.50b | 209.00 ± 6.06b | 187.22 ± 7.22b | 187.56 ± 6.20b | 168.50 ± 7.19ab | 180.78 ± 8.72ab | 179.89 ± 6.93ab | 171.50 ± 3.00ab | 141.00 ± 1.87a |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 6.15 ± 0.05b | 6.50 ± 0.58b | 5.86 ± 0.19ab | 6.10 ± 0.47b | 5.20 ± 1.20ab | 5.76 ± 0.24ab | 5.57 ± 0.29ab | 5.28 ± 0.39ab | 4.65 ± 0.10 |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 126.50 ± 5.50ab | 150.50 ± 4.45b | 133.33 ± 6.15ab | 129.40 ± 5.74ab | 117.50 ± 3.32a | 126.72 ± 6.70ab | 126.44 ± 5.10ab | 118.00 ± 9.58a | 103.00 ± 1.01a |
Inorganic phosphate (mmol/L) | 2.75 ± 0.05 | 2.35 ± 0.40 | 2.38 ± 0.17 | 2.54 ± 0.12 | 2.65 ± 0.65 | 2.82 ± 0.15 | 2.73 ± 0.15 | 2.68 ± 0.27 | 2.10 ± 0.07 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 182.00 ± 1.00d | 104.75 ± 6.87b | 85.00 ± 4.17a | 104.30 ± 3.60ab | 95.00 ± 2.00ab | 113.59 ± 3.25b | 104.57 ± 4.11ab | 112.75 ± 4.25b | 136.74 ± 3.17c |
Urea (mmol/L) | 11.30 ± 1.00d | 6.88 ± 1.11abc | 6.11 ± 0.51ab | 7.24 ± 0.54abc | 8.40 ± 0.30c | 7.94 ± 0.26bc | 7.68 ± 0.54bc | 7.24 ± 0.48abc | 5.27 ± 0.24a |