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Table 5 Serum biochemistry parameters of Kedah-Kelantan X Brahman cattle naturally infected by blood pathogens

From: Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle

Serum biochemical parameters

T. evansi infected cattle (n = 3)

Candidatus M. haemobos infected cattle (n = 5)

T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 9)

T. orientalis + A. marginale infected cattle (n = 10)

A. platys + T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 3)

T. sinensis + C. M. haemobos infected cattle (n = 17)

T. orientalis + T. sinensis infected cattle (n = 9)

C. M. haemobos + T. sinensis + A. marginale infected cattle (n = 5)

Clinically healthy cattle (n = 17)

ALP (U/L)

351.00 ± 5.00d

54.00 ± 6.35ab

44.67 ± 4.22a

57.50 ± 6.97ab

51.00 ± 5.14ab

82.35 ± 5.53bc

65.63 ± 6.26ab

107.25 ± 6.07c

71.94 ± 4.62bc

AST (U/L)

135.50 ± 2.50a

57.50 ± 5.92b

81.00 ± 9.08b

68.10 ± 9.17b

67.00 ± 6.00b

70.13 ± 5.53b

71.13 ± 5.18b

62.40 ± 7.69b

78.86 ± 2.48b

γ-GT (U/L)

58.00 ± 1.00b

19.50 ± 3.07a

17.11 ± 2.90a

31.20 ± 6.06a

25.50 ± 6.50a

20.38 ± 2.95a

22.11 ± 4.28a

29.20 ± 3.71a

22.79 ± 1.48a

Total proteins (g/L)

92.40 ± 1.80c

76.93 ± 4.05a

75.29 ± 2.95ab

79.73 ± 2.58b

76.40 ± 1.00ab

76.17 ± 1.68ab

78.06 ± 2.80b

76.13 ± 2.06ab

71.85 ± 2.04ab

Albumin (g/L)

21.75 ± 0.65a

27.95 ± 1.35b

30.46 ± 0.99bc

31.52 ± 0.80bc

32.90 ± 3.40bcd

32.62 ± 0.82bcd

33.67 ± 1.19cd

32.30 ± 2.03bc

37.29 ± 0.75d

Globulin (g/L)

70.65 ± 1.15b

48.98 ± 2.71a

44.83 ± 2.57a

48.21 ± 2.11a

43.50 ± 2.40a

43.56 ± 1.54a

44.39 ± 2.42a

43.83 ± 1.57a

37.84 ± 1.03a

A: G (Unit)

0.31 ± 0.01a

0.72 ± 0.02b

0.70 ± 0.04b

0.67 ± 0.03b

0.84 ± 0.14bc

0.75 ± 0.21b

0.73 ± 0.04b

0.76 ± 0.07b

1.01 ± 0.03c

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

30.30 ± 0.50c

5.05 ± 0.93ab

9.27 ± 1.57b

8.03 ± 1.29ab

5.30 ± 0.01ab

9.03 ± 1.04b

7.37 ± 0.81ab

7.88 ± 1.51ab

3.87 ± 0.30a

Conjugated bilirubin (μmol/L)

8.50 ± 0.20b

2.23 ± 0.44a

3.58 ± 0.54a

3.40 ± 0.47a

2.30 ± 0.30a

3.17 ± 0.27a

2.75 ± 0.36a

3.18 ± 0.51a

2.17 ± 0.13a

Unconjugated bilirubin (μmol/L)

21.80 ± 0.30e

2.83 ± 0.53ab

5.69 ± 1.05cd

4.63 ± 0.85bcd

3.00 ± 0.30abc

4.83 ± 0.50bcd

4.61 ± 0.48bcd

4.70 ± 1.03bcd

1.41 ± 0.21a

Sodium (mmol/L)

191.50 ± 6.50b

209.00 ± 6.06b

187.22 ± 7.22b

187.56 ± 6.20b

168.50 ± 7.19ab

180.78 ± 8.72ab

179.89 ± 6.93ab

171.50 ± 3.00ab

141.00 ± 1.87a

Potassium (mmol/L)

6.15 ± 0.05b

6.50 ± 0.58b

5.86 ± 0.19ab

6.10 ± 0.47b

5.20 ± 1.20ab

5.76 ± 0.24ab

5.57 ± 0.29ab

5.28 ± 0.39ab

4.65 ± 0.10

Chloride (mmol/L)

126.50 ± 5.50ab

150.50 ± 4.45b

133.33 ± 6.15ab

129.40 ± 5.74ab

117.50 ± 3.32a

126.72 ± 6.70ab

126.44 ± 5.10ab

118.00 ± 9.58a

103.00 ± 1.01a

Inorganic phosphate (mmol/L)

2.75 ± 0.05

2.35 ± 0.40

2.38 ± 0.17

2.54 ± 0.12

2.65 ± 0.65

2.82 ± 0.15

2.73 ± 0.15

2.68 ± 0.27

2.10 ± 0.07

Creatinine (μmol/L)

182.00 ± 1.00d

104.75 ± 6.87b

85.00 ± 4.17a

104.30 ± 3.60ab

95.00 ± 2.00ab

113.59 ± 3.25b

104.57 ± 4.11ab

112.75 ± 4.25b

136.74 ± 3.17c

Urea (mmol/L)

11.30 ± 1.00d

6.88 ± 1.11abc

6.11 ± 0.51ab

7.24 ± 0.54abc

8.40 ± 0.30c

7.94 ± 0.26bc

7.68 ± 0.54bc

7.24 ± 0.48abc

5.27 ± 0.24a

  1. a, b, ab, c, bc, cd, abc, bcdDifferent superscripts indicate significant difference across the different blood pathogen infected cattle groups, p < 0.05