Table 1 Genus and species-specific primers, thermocyclic conditions and amplicon size of the various genes used for the detection and amplification of cattle blood pathogens. Thermocyclic conditions include initial denaturing (ID), denaturing (D), annealing (A), extension (E), and final extension (FE)
| Blood Pathogens | Gene | Primer Sequences (5′-3′) Forward (F) and Reverse (R) | Thermocyclic conditions | Base pair (bp) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaplasma species | 16SrRNA |
EHR16SD - GGTACCYACAGAAGAAGTCC EHR 16SR -TAGCACTCATCGTTTACAGC |
ID: 95 °C /5mins D: 95 °C /30s A: 55 °C /30s E: 72 °C /90s No of cycles: 40 FE: 72 °C /5mins | 345 | [47] |
| Theileria species | 18SrRNA |
F-ACCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAG R-GATCCTTCGCAGGTTCACCTAC |
ID: 94 °C /5mins D: 94 °C /30s A: 60 °C /30s E: 72 °C /1 min No of cycles: 40 FE: 72 °C /5mins | 1750 | [48] |
| Mycoplasma species | 16SrRNA |
F-GGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCT R-TGCACCATCTGTCACTCTGTTAACCTC |
ID: 94 °C /5mins D: 94 °C /30s A: 55 °C /30s E: 72 °C /1 min50secs No of cycles: 40 FE: 72 °C/10 mins | 280 | [49] |
| Anaplasma marginale | MSP4 |
F- CATCTCCCATGAGTCACGAAGTGGC R-GCTGAACAGGAATCTTGCTCCAAG |
ID: 95 °C /5mins D: 95 °C /1 min A: 65 °C /2mins E: 72 °C /1 min No of cycles: 40 FE:72 °C/10 min | 761 | [50] |
| Theileria orientalis | MPSP |
F- CTTTGCCTAGGATACTTCCT R- ACGGCAAGTGGTGAGAACT |
ID: 94 °C /4mins D: 94 °C /1 min A: 63 °C /1 min E: 72 °C /1 min No of cycles: 40 FE:72 °C /7mins | 776 | [51] |
| Theileria sinensis | MPSP |
Tsin F- CACTGCTATGTTGTCCAAGAGATATT Tsin R-AATGCGCCTAAAGATAGTAGAAAAC |
ID: 94 °C /3mins D: 94 °C /1 min A: 56 °C /1 min E: 72 °C /1 min No of cycles: 40 FE:72 °C /7mins | 887 | [52] |
| Trypanosoma evansi | RoTaT 1.2 VSG |
F-GCG GGG TGT TTA AAG CAA TA R-ATT AGT GCT GCG TGT GTT CG |
ID: 94 °C/4mins D: 94 °C /1 min A: 59 °C /1 min E: 72 °C /1 min No of cycles:40 FE: 72 °C/5mins | 205 | [53] |
| Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos | 16SrRNA |
F-GAGTTAGTTATTAAAGCTTTAT R-ATTCATGAGGTACTATCAGTTG |
ID: 94 °C /5mins D: 94 °C /30s A: 55 °C /30s E: 72 °C /30s No of cycles: 40 FE:72 °C /7mins | 279 | [49] |