From: Salivary cortisol in healthy dogs: a randomized cross-over study to evaluate different saliva stimulation methods and their effects on saliva volume and cortisol concentration
Ginger
Bouillon
Treat
Control
Unit
Saliva cortisol concentration – S0
nmol/l
0.4 (0.1–1.2)
0.4 (0.2–1.5)
0.4 (0.2–2.2)
Serum cortisol concentration
15 (5–113)
20 (6–54)
20 (7–68)
21 (8–48)