Fig. 3

Least squares means (± SEM) from repeated measures analyses for postpartum Ca, FA, and BHB serum concentrations. Left panel: CA (red dotted line) = reduced combined rumination and eating time (CRET), received 1 Ca oral capsule (Bovikalc bolus, Boehringer Ingelheim, St. Joseph, MO) once per day, for 3 consecutive days; CON (orange solid line) = reduced CRET, did not receive any supplementation; NOR (blue dashed line) = normal CRET that did not receive any supplementation. Right panel: Normal CRET = NOR; Low CRET = CA and CON groups combined. Left panel: Calcium, effects of treatment (P = 0.03), parity (P = 0.002), d post calving (P < 0.001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.017). Right panel: Calcium, effects of treatment (P = 0.02), parity (P = 0.014), d post calving (P < 0.001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.106). Left panel: FA, effects of treatment (P < 0.0001), parity (P = 0.11), d post calving (P < 0.001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.03). Right panel: FA, effects of treatment (P < 0.001), parity (P = 0.16), d post calving (P < 0.001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.005). Left panel: BHB, effects of treatment (P < 0.001), parity (P = 0.0005), d post calving (P < 0.001), treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.007). Right panel: BHB, effects of treatment (P < 0.001), parity (P = 0.0014), d post calving (P < 0.001), treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.015). Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups at specific sampling points. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups at specific sampling points. Diagonal lines indicate a break in the x-axis