Fig. 2

Least square means (± SEM) combined rumination and eating time from d 1 to d 7 after calving in the overall study population (top panel), in primiparous cows (middle panel) and in multiparous cows (bottom panel). Treatments: CA (red dotted line) = reduced combined rumination and eating time (CRET), received 1 Ca oral capsule (Bovikalc bolus, Boehringer Ingelheim, St. Joseph, MO) once per day, for 3 consecutive days; CON (orange solid line) = reduced CRET, did not receive any supplementation; NOR (blue dashed line) = normal CRET that did not receive any supplementation. Overall population, effects of treatment (P < 0.0001), d post calving (P < 0.0001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.8). Primiparous, effects of treatment (P = 0.02), d post calving (P < 0.0001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.7). Multiparous, effects of treatment (P = 0.0002) and d post calving (P < 0.0001), and treatment and d post calving interaction (P = 0.9). Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01) between groups at specific sampling points