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Table 3 Experimental design and treatments

From: S-ketamine and intranasal application: alternatives for the castration of male suckling piglets?

Trial group

A

B

C

D

E

F

Treatment

15 mg kg-1 S-ketamine + 2 mg kg-1 azaperone, i.m., surgical castration

15 mg kg-1 R/S-ketamine + 2 mg kg-1 azaperone, i.m, surgical castration

30 mg kg-1 S- ketamine +2 mg kg-1 azaperone, i.n., surgical castration

15 mg kg-1 R/S-ketamine +2 mg kg-1 azaperone, i.m.; sham castrated

Positive control group; no anaesthesia, surgical castrationa

Negative control group; no anaesthesia, sham castrated

  1. i.m. intramuscular application, i.n. intranasal application of the anaesthetic
  2. apiglets of trial group E were castrated according to the legal requirements in Germany at the time of the study. This procedure was necessary to fulfil the specifications of the local Animal Welfare Authorities. Piglets of all groups received an NSAID as presented below