Fig. 6From: S-ketamine and intranasal application: alternatives for the castration of male suckling piglets?Development of different states of recovery by group. The figure shows least square means and standard errors for the different states of recovery (time in min. until the behaviour occurs); a: S-ketamine, i.m., surgical castration; b: R/S-ketamine, i.m., surgical castration; c: S-ketamine; i.n., surgical castration; d: R/S-ketamine, i.m., sham castration; e: no anaesthesia, surgical castration; f: no anaesthesia, sham castration; i.m.: intra muscular application; i.n. intra nasal application; groups with different lower cases were significantly different; ketamine always administered together with azaperone; all piglets received the NSAID FlunixineBack to article page