Resistance of strongylid nematodes to anthelmintic drugs and driving factors at Czech goat farms

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 3 Frequency distribution of putative risk factors associated with anthelmintic resistance, and prevalence of resistance to anthelmintic drugs at the surveyed farms

Factor	Farm distribution (%)	Anthelmintic resistance at farms (%)^a
Factor	Farm distribution (%)	Benzimidazole	Ivermectin	Dual
Type of production		P = 0.34	P = 1	P = 1
Conventional	58	64	57	43
Organic	42	90	50	50
Stocking rate		P = 0.64	P = 0.04	P = 1
≤ 8 goats per hectare	50	67	42	42
≥ 9 goats per hectare	50	83	67	50
Pasture rotation		P = 0.64	P = 0.41	P = 1
Yes	50	67	67	50
No	50	83	42	42
Farmers’ educational level		P = 1	P = 0.39	P = 0.66
≤ Middle school	71	76	74	35
University	29	71	71	57
Farming Experience		P = 0.04	P = 0.64	P = 0.31
≤ 5 years	16	100	75	75
6–10 years	42	70	60	50
> 10 years	42	70	40	30
Faecal examination		P = 1	P = 0.41	P = 0.70
Yes	58	71	64	50
No	42	80	40	40
Regular deworming		P = 1	P = 1	P = 1
Yes	83	75	50	50
As required	13	100	33	33
No	4	0	0	0
Deworming frequency		P = 1	P = 1	P = 1
Once a year	25	100	50	50
Twice a year	50	58	50	50
Other frequency	25	67	33	33
Targeted selective treatment		P = 0.54	P = 1	P = 1
Yes	17	100	50	50
No	83	61	48	39
Animals weighed before drug application		P = 1	P = 0.18	P = 0.48
Yes	9	100	0	0
No	91	70	57	48
Drug dose		P = 0.12	P = 0.38	P = 0.09
Sheep dose	35	100	75	75
Sheep dose × 2	65	67	47	33

P (probability) values, significant association P ≤ 0.05, ^a AR status referred to Tables 1 and 2

ISSN: 1746-6148