Fig. 1
From: Differences in the gut microbiomes of dogs and wolves: roles of antibiotics and starch
Gut microbial communities in dogs and wolves are different. a Variation in microbial diversity and richness in dogs and wolves was calculated using the observed number of OTUs, Shannon index, Simpson index and Pielou’s evenness index. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). b NMDS between the gut microbiota from pairs of animals. Each node represents a pair of samples. Note, the gut bacteria of wolves from different zoos cluster together, indicating that the influence of different feeding areas is weak. c Histograms of the proportions of top 20 OTUs classified at the genus level. OTUs were compared by the Holm–Sidak method t-test for all OTUs, with significant differences indicated by asterisks (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)