Fig. 2

Expression of proteins related to AMPK signaling. a Effect of pretreatment with metformin on the AMPK protein in bovine pbMEC treated with LPS. Cells were exposed to LPS for 6 h with or without pretreatment with metformin for 12 h. Afterward, immunofluorescence for p-AMPK (FITC) was performed, and the nuclear was stained with dye DAPI (blue). b, c Immunoblots and acquisition of intensity from the respective blots. The protein expression was normalized by the respective abundance of GAPDH. Full-length blots are presented in Additional file 1 Fig. S1A. All results are expressed as the means ± SD. Con, control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Metf, metformin; ML, LPS with metformin pretreatment. The letters in superscript indicate that the difference between groups was significant (P < 0.05)