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Fig. 1 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 1

From: Metformin activated AMPK signaling contributes to the alleviation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Fig. 1

Viability of cells treated with different amounts of LPS and metformin. a The results are expressed as the means ± SD. **P < 0.01 vs the cells treated with 0 μg/mL of LPS and metformin. b Time-dependent effect. Cells were treated with LPS at 2 μg/mL for different time at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h, respectively. The results are expressed as the means ± SD. * P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs the cells treated with 2 μg/mL of LPS for 0 h. The application of metformin at 3 mM and LPS at 2 μg/mL for 6 h are optimal for the following experiments

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