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Table 7 The effect of inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C in the broiler chicken diet on the antioxidant defense system, selective immunological parameters and liver, and kidney function tests

From: Changes in the growth, ileal digestibility, intestinal histology, behavior, fatty acid composition of the breast muscles, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by dietary inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C

Item

Vitamin C level (mg/kg diet)

Safflower oil level (gm/kg diet)

Vitamin C × Safflower oil

SEM

P-value

0

400

0

5

10

0Vit.C+ 0Saff. Oil

0Vit.C + 5 Saff. Oil

0Vit.C+ 10 Saff. Oil

400Vit.C+

0Saff. Oil

400Vit.C+

5 Saff. Oil

400Vit.C+

10Saff. Oil

Vit. C

Saff. oil

Vit. C x Saff. oil

Antioxidant status

 Serum CAT (U/L)

567.44b

580.00a

571.16

573.50

576.50

563.33

567.00

572.00

581.00

580.00

579.00

3.17

0.04

0.81

0.52

 Serum SOD (U/ml)

25.94b

32.85a

26.60

29.81

31.78

23.40

25.06

29.36

29.80

34.56

34.20

1.49

0.01

0.38

0.14

 Serum GSH (mmol/L)

4.14b

6.57a

4.50

5.36

6.21

3.40

3.96

5.06

5.60

6.76

7.36

0.55

0.02

0.47

0.25

 Muscle MDA (μmol/gm)

4.61

3.60

5.34a

3.70b

3.27b

6.35a

4.01b

3.47b

4.32b

3.40b

3.07b

1.81

0.08

< 0.01

<  0.01

Immunological status

 IgA (ng/ml)

55.80b

66.58a

58.48

60.71

64.38

53.53b

56.73b

57.13ab

63.43ab

64.70ab

71.63a

2.14

0.001

0.43

0.01

 Complement-3 (ng/ml)

134.66b

147.88a

137.50

140.83

145.50

131.00b

135.00a

138.00ab

144.00ab

146.66ab

153.00a

5.23

0.00

0.32

< 0.01

 Cortisone (ng/ml)

9.95

10.07

10.03

10.01

10.00

9.90

10.03

9.93

10.06

10.00

10.16

0.07

0.44

0.98

0.95

Liver function

 ALT (U/L)

12.44

11.77

12.00

11.83

12.50

12.33

12.00

13.00

11.66

11.66

12.00

0.71

0.65

0.93

0.99

 AST (U/L)

34.33

34.33

35.00

33.83

34.16

35.00

34.33

33.66

35.00

33.33

34.66

0.82

1.00

0.85

0.99

Kidney function

 Uric acid (mg/dl)

4.92

5.01

5.41

5.06

4.41

5.23

4.50

5.03

5.60

5.63

3.80

0.36

0.90

0.54

0.73

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.69

0.71

0.71

0.70

0.69

0.71

0.69

0.67

0.72

0.72

0.71

0.01

0.3

0.71

0.88

  1. a, b Means within the same row carrying different superscripts are significantly different at (P < 0.05)