Table 3 Primers sequences used in simplex and multiplex PCR assays for β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides and tetracycline resistance genes

bla _OXA−48

OXA-F

OXA-R

GCGTGGTTAAGGATGAACAC

CATCAAGTTCAACCCAACCG

438

52 °C

[53]

bla _NDM

NDM-F

NDM-R

GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC

CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC

621

52 °C

bla _TEM

TEM-F

TEM-R

ATGAGTTTTCAACATTTTCG

TTACCAATGCTTAATCAG TG

861

59 °C

[54]

bla _SHV

SHV-F

SHV-R

GCCCTCACTCAAGGATGTAT

TTAGCGTTGCCAGTGCTCGA

888

58 °C

[55]

bla _CTX−M

CTX-M-F

CTX-M-R

CGCTGTTGTTAGGAAGTGTG

GGCTGGGTGAAGTAAGTGAC

730

59 °C

[56]

bla _OXA−23

OXA-23-F

OXA-23-R

ATGAGTTATCTATTTTTGTC

TGTCAAGCTCTTAAATAATA

501

52 °C

[57]

bla _OXA−24

OXA24/40-F

OXA24/40-R

GCAGAAAGAAGTAAARCGGGT

CCAACCWGTCAACCAACCTA

270

52 °C

[58]

bla _OXA−51

OXA-51-F

OXA-51-R

TAATGCTTTGATCGGCCTTG

TGGATTGCACTTCATCTTGG

353

52 °C

[57]

bla _OXA−58

OXA-58-F

OXA-58-R

AAGTATTGGGGCTTGTGCTG

CCCCTCTGCGCTCTACATAC-

599

58 °C

[57]

bla _OXA−143

OXA-143-F

OXA-143-R

TGGATTGCACTTCATCTTGG

TGGCACTTTCAGCAGTTCCT

180

58 °C

[59]

bla _OXA−235

OXA-235-F

OXA-235-R

TTGTTGCCTTTACTTAGTTGC

CAAAATTTTAAGACGGATCG

700

58 °C

[59]

bla _IMP

IMP-F

IMP-R

GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAAYTCTC

GGTTTAAYAAAACAACCACC

232

52 °C

[58]

bla_VIM−2

VIM − 2-F

VIM-2-R

GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA

CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG

800

52 °C

[58]

QnrA

QnrAm-F

QnrAm-R

AGA GGA TTT CTC ACG CCA GG

TGC CAG GCA CAG ATC TTG AC

60 °C

580

This study

QnrB

QnrBm-F

QnrBm-R

GGM ATH GAA ATT CGC CAC TG (M = A or C, H = A or C or T)

GGM ATH GAA ATT CGC CAC TG (Y = C or T)

60 °C

264

QnrS

QnrS-F

QnrS-R

GCAAGTTCATTGAACAGGGT TCTAAACCGTCGAGTTCGGCG

428

60 °C

aac3Ia

aac-3-IaF

aac3IAR

ATGGGCATCATTCGCACA

TCTCGGCTTGAACGAATTGT

59 °C

DQ370505

tetA

tetA-F

tetA-R

GCRGCGATCTGGTTCACTCG

AGTCGACAGYRGCGCCGGC

61 °C

164

[60]

tetB

tetB-F

tetB-R

TACGTGAATTTATTGCTTCGG

ATACAGCATCCAAAGCGCAC

61 °C

206

tetC

tetC-F

tetC-R

GCGGGATATCGTCCATTCCG

GCGTAGAGGATCCACAGGACG

68 °C

207

tetD

tetD-F

tetD-R

GGAATATCTCCCGGAAGCGG

CACATTGGACAGTGCCAGCAG

68 °C

187

tetM

tetM-F

tetM-R

ACAGAAAGCTTATTATATAAC

TGGCGT GTCTATGATGTTCAC

55 °C

171

[61]

Sul1

Sul1-F

Sul1-R

CGGCGTGGGCTACCTGAACG

GCCGATCGCGTGAAGTTCCG

432

69 °C

[61]

Sul2

Sul2-F

Sul2-R

GCGCTCAAG GCAGATGGCATT

GCGTTTGATACCGGCACCCGT

293

69 °C

Int

Int-F

Int-R

ATGGCCGAGCAGATCCTGCACG

GCCACTGCGCCGTTACCACCGC

899

60 °C

dfrA1-

aadA1

dfrA1-

aadA1-F

dfrA1-

aadA1-R

AGCATTACCCAACCGAAAGT

TGTCAGCAAGATAGCCAGAT

818

60 °C