Choline supplementation prevents diet induced gut mucosa lipid accumulation in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Table 6 Blood plasma variables

	LF^a	LFC^b	Pooled SEM	P-value^c
Glucose (mmol/L) ^d	5.3	5.9	0.22	< 0.001
Free Fatty Acids (mmol/L) ^d	0.27	0.25	0.02	0.35
Lipoptoteins
Total CH (mmol/L) ^d	8.3	11.1	1.74	< 0.001
HDL-CH^e	7.5	8.9
LDL-CH^e	1.3	1.5
VLDL-CH^e	0.1	0.3
Total TAG (mmol/L) ^d	3.3	2.5	0.27	0.01
HDL-TAG^e	3.2	2.4
LDL-TAG^e	1	0.7
VLDL-TAG^e	0.5	0.8
Bile salts (μmol/l) ^d	20	19	8.47	0.822
Sitosterol (μg/ml) ^f	71	61	6.98	0.204
Campesterol (μg/ml) ^f	188	224	27.4	0.342
Lathosterol (μg/ml) ^f	3.8	9.2	0.48	< 0.001
C4 (μg/ml) ^f	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.921
Oxysterols (ng/ml) ^e
7α-hydroxy-CH	130	295
7β-hydroxy-CH	37	139
7-keto-hydroxy-CH	101	538
24-hydroxy-CH	2.2	4
25-hydroxy-CH	5	5
27-hydroxy-CH	21	33

^aLow fishmeal diet
^bCholine supplemented low fishmeal diet
^cP-values in bold indicate significant differences between the two treatments; italicized values represent trends
^dMeasured for n = 20 per diet
^eLipoprotein and oxysterol profiles were measured in pooled samples of n = 5 per diet
^fMeasured for n = 10 per diet. Mean values with their standard errors

ISSN: 1746-6148