Variable | Total dogs | Categories | Number of dogs tested | Leptospira-positive | Leptospira-negative | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis (n = 242) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p | ||||
Age | 242 | <1 year | 36 | 18 (50.0) | 18 (50.0) | 1.000 | 0.428–2.339 | 1.000 | a | a | a |
1.0–1.9 years | 64 | 35 (54.7) | 29 (45.3) | 1.207 | 0.580–2.513 | 0.709 |  |  |  | ||
2.0–2.9 years | 45 | 22 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 0.957 | 0.431–2.125 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
3.0–3.9 years | 52 | 26 (50.0) | 26 (50.0) | Reference |  |  |  |  |  | ||
4.0–5.9 years | 28 | 13 (46.4) | 15 (53.6) | 0.867 | 0.345–2.176 | 0.817 |  |  |  | ||
≥6 years | 17 | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 0.889 | 0.297–2.661 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Breed | 273 | mix | 266 | 132 (49.6) | 134 (50.4) | 1.313 | 0.288–5.982 | 0.725 | a | a | a |
pure breed | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Sex | 273 | female | 185 | 101 (54.6) | 84 (45.4) | 1.910 | 1.138–3.204 | 0.014 | 1.890 | 1.092–3.270 | 0.023 |
male | 88 | 34 (38.6) | 54 (61.4) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Neutering status | 273 | intact | 270 | 134 (49.6) | 136 (50.4) | 1.971 | 0.177–21.992 | 1.000 | a | a | a |
neutered | 3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Weight | 175 | 5–11 kg | 48 | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 0.595 | 0.291–1.218 | 0.202 |  |  |  |
12–17 kg | 84 | 51 (60.7) | 33 (39.3) | Reference |  |  |  |  |  | ||
≥18 kg | 43 | 28 (65.1) | 15 (34.9) | 1.208 | 0.562–2.595 | 0.701 |  |  |  | ||
Origin | 273 | client-owned | 154 | 74 (48.1) | 80 (51.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
stray | 119 | 61 (51.2) | 58 (48.8) | 1.137 | 0.705–1.835 | 0.627 | a | a | a | ||
Environment | 273 | urban | 134 | 73 (54.5) | 61 (45.5) | 1.486 | 0.923–2.395 | 0.103 | a | a | a |
rural | 139 | 62 (45.6) | 77 (54.4) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Free-running/roaming allowed | 180 | yes | 174 | 90 (51.7) | 84 (48.3) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  | no | 6 | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 4.667 | 0.534–40.773 | 0.164 |  |  |  |
Staying outdoors >50% | 168 | yes | 148 | 79 (53.3) | 69 (46.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  | no | 20 | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 1.068 | 0.418–2.728 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
Bathing in water | 32 | yes | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 19 | 12 (63.3) | 7 (36.7) | 1.0714 | 0.250–4.591 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Drinking out of puddles | 34 | yes | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 21 | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 1.016 | 0.245–4.213 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Contact with rodents | 33 | yes | 22 | 14 (63.6) | 8 (36.4) | 1.000 | 0.222–4.502 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
no | 11 | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Eating rodents | 33 | yes | 6 | 6 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10.484 | 0.537–204.643 | 0.065 |  |  |  |
no | 27 | 15 (55.5) | 12 (44.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Consumption of raw meat | 40 | yes | 12 | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 28 | 17 (60.7) | 11 (39.3) | 1.104 | 0.279–4.369 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Hunting dog | 273 | yes | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 273 | 135 (49.5) | 138 (50.5) | 1.0221 | 0.020–51.886 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Contact with cats | 50 | yes | 24 | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 1.667 | 0.539–5.153 | 0.375 |  |  |  |
no | 26 | 13 (50.0) | 13 (50.0) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Contact with other dogs | 176 | yes | 175 | 90 (51.4) | 85 (48.6) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2.834 | 0.114–70.532 | 1.000 |  |  |  | ||
Contact with cattle | 58 | yes | 16 | 6 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
no | 42 | 31 (73.8) | 11 (26.2) | 4.697 | 1.382–15.969 | 0.013 |  |  |  | ||
Contact with pigs | 58 | yes | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.767 | 0.069–45.335 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
no | 57 | 36 (63.2) | 21 (36.8) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |