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Fig. 5 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 5

From: Biomechanical analysis of canine medial patellar luxation with femoral varus deformity using a computer model

Fig. 5

a, A geometrically accurate FE model of the asymptomatic canine stifle, with an aLDFA of 95°. The FE model of the canine PF joint includes the rectus femoris muscle (red line), three functional elements of the quadriceps tendon (yellow springs) and the patellar ligament (green springs). The origin of the rectus femoris muscle in the model was set and fixed for all six degrees of motion at a virtual point matching the actual anatomical location of the ilium. b, The geometries of four canine stifle models. The most distal part of the femur, including the patella and the trochlear groove, remained anatomically undeformed so that every varus deformation maintained the same geometry of the patella and the trochlear groove

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