Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 3

From: Determination of novel reference genes for improving gene expression data normalization in selected canine reproductive tissues – a multistudy analysis

Fig. 3

Validation of reference genes in the expression of exemplary target genes known to vary greatly in target tissues: (a) Placental expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2/PTGS2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) during mid-gestation, antigestagen-induced and normal luteolysis; (b) Luteal expression of interleukin 1b (IL-1b) and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHCII) during mid-gestation and normal prepartum luteolysis; (c) uterine expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in non-pregnant uterus (Embryo-) and during early pregnancy (Embryo+). All experiments were normalized with commonly (previously) used reference genes (Previous ref. gen.: GAPDH, β-actin, cyclophilin A/PPIA) or proposed reference genes (Proposed ref. gen.: KDM4A, EIF4H and PTK2), ranked as the best normalizers by RefFinder and NormFinder applications, as determined by real-time (TaqMan) qPCR. Data are presented as Xg ± geometric standard deviation (SD). Normalization with routinely used genes resulted in higher intragroup variation when compared to results normalized with newly proposed genes

Back to article page