Fig. 4

Cytokine and growth factor secretory profile of cAd-MSCs. Controls are indicated in light grey, and cells treated with CCM exosomes are indicated in dark grey. IFN-γ, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α and NGF-β production increase after incubation with CCM exosomes. Asterisks indicate significant differences between compared values P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**) and P < 0.001 (***). Data presented as the mean and standard deviation (n = 3)