Table 1 Metabolites differences between captive and wild North China leopard achieved from the analyses of feces samples submitted to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analyses using an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system

999

N-acetyl-L-alanine

0. 006

1. 602

Up^b

1155

anthranilic acid (vitamin L1)

0. 004

1. 723

Down^b

1331

hydroxyhydroquinone

0. 022

1. 595

Up^a

1474

trans-cinnamate

0. 044

1. 534

Up^a

1492

L-methionine

0. 049

1. 514

Up^a

1814

isovalerylglycine

0. 041

1. 517

Up^a

1945

5-hydroxymethyluracil

0. 022

1. 529

Down^a

2713

tiopronin

0. 044

1. 610

Down^a

2850

kynurenic acid

0. 011

1. 630

Up^a

2856

3-indolepropionic acid

0. 011

1. 640

Up^a

2869

glycyl-L-leucine

0. 039

1. 571

Up^a

2925

N-acetyl-DL-methionine

0. 019

1. 617

Up^a

3103

1, 3-dimethyluric acid

0. 025

1. 659

Up^a

4329

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine

0. 018

1. 641

Up^a

4374

D-quinovose

0. 004

1. 603

Up^b

5127

L-gulonic gamma-lactone

0. 024

1. 521

Up^a

5361

tetrahydrobiopterin

0. 037

1. 608

Down^a

5372

pentadecanoic Acid

0. 005

1. 599

Down^b

5531

dioxybenzone

0. 045

1. 417

Up^a

5714

quadrone

0. 000

1. 725

Down^b

6094

5-hydroxymethylcytidine

0. 019

1. 619

Up^a

7596

oleic acid

0. 032

1. 582

Down^a

7742

stearic acid

0. 034

1. 542

Down^a

10198

beta-Estradiol

0. 007

1. 687

Down^b

10469

salidroside

0. 039

1. 582

Up^a

10588

eicosapentaenoic Acid

0. 049

1. 501

Down^a

11683

L-iditol

0. 044

1. 522

Down^a

13489

ethynodiol diacetate

0. 016

1. 637

Up^a

13779

tamsulosin

0. 000

1. 707

Down^b

18005

muramic acid

0. 000

1. 689

Down^b

24886

deoxycholic acid

0. 006

1. 705

Up^b