| |
Reference Intervals
|
|---|
|
Echo parameters
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Range
|
Lower limit
|
Upper limit
|
|---|
|
Ao Vmax (m/sec)
|
1.12
|
0.21
|
0.53–1.77
|
0.6
|
1.64
|
|
A wave (m/sec)
|
0.57
|
0.14
|
0.19–1.0
|
0.3
|
0.84
|
|
E wave (m/sec)
|
0.85
|
0.18
|
0.45–1.5
|
0.5
|
1.2
|
|
E/A
|
1.54
|
0.40
|
0.91–3.67
|
0.75
|
2.33
|
|
LV IVRT (sec)
|
55.1
|
9.09
|
30–85
|
37.3
|
72.9
|
|
E: LV IVRT
|
0.02
|
0.0059
|
0.01–0.04
|
0.004
|
0.027
|
|
E’ wave medial (m/sec)
|
0.071
|
0.014
|
0.037–0.12
|
0.042
|
0.099
|
|
A’ wave medial (m/sec)
|
0.052
|
0.021
|
0.028–0.52
|
0.012
|
0.093
|
|
E’/A’ medial
|
1.41
|
0.32
|
0.9–2.74
|
0.78
|
2.0
|
|
E/E’ medial
|
12.4
|
3.0
|
0.62–23.8
|
6.52
|
18.28
|
|
E’ wave lateral (m/sec)
|
0.1
|
0.022
|
0.045–0.16
|
0.06
|
0.15
|
|
A’ wave lateral (m/sec)
|
0.06
|
0.016
|
0.028–0.06
|
0.029
|
0.092
|
|
E’/A’ lateral
|
1.77
|
0.48
|
0.96–3.87
|
0.83
|
2.71
|
|
E/E’ lateral
|
8.7
|
2.24
|
4.49–19.7
|
4.3
|
13.1
|
|
PV Vmax (m/s)
|
1.021
|
0.17
|
0.61–1.87
|
0.67
|
1.65
|
|
PV ET (sec)
|
216.98
|
25.71
|
150–300
|
133.97
|
288.52
|
|
PV AT (sec)
|
77.59
|
15.86
|
21–132
|
29.47
|
123.02
|
|
PV AT/ET
|
0.36
|
0.066
|
0.2–0.57
|
0.17
|
0.58
|
|
RV S′ Vmax (m/s)
|
0.096
|
0.024
|
0.04–0.17
|
0.04
|
0.17
|
- A wave, passive filling velocity; A’ wave, late diastolic mitral annulus motion; E wave, atrial contraction velocity; E’ wave, early diastolic mitral annulus motion: LV IVRT; left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time; PVAT, pulmonary valve acceleration time; PVET, pulmonary valve ejection time; Ao Vmax, peak velocity for aortic flow; PV Vmax, peak velocity for pulmonary flow; RV S′ Vmax, tricuspid peak systolic annular velocity
