| |
Reference Intervals
|
|---|
|
Echo parameters
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Range
|
Lower limit
|
Upper limit
|
|---|
|
LAd (sa) (cm)
|
1.81
|
0.29
|
1.01–2.98
|
1.12
|
2.64
|
|
Ao (sa) (cm)
|
1.29
|
0.22
|
0.71–2.15
|
0.79
|
1.96
|
|
LA/Ao (sa)
|
1.41
|
0.19
|
0.96–2.14
|
1.02
|
2.03
|
|
LAd (la) (cm)
|
2
|
0.32
|
0.39–3.68
|
1.01
|
2.9
|
|
Ao (la) (cm)
|
1.01
|
0.18
|
0.32–1.67
|
0.61
|
1.59
|
|
LA/Ao (la)
|
2.02
|
0.28
|
1.12–2.86
|
1.17
|
2.76
|
|
IVSd (2D) (cm)
|
0.54
|
0.1
|
0.3–0.91
|
3.19
|
8.72
|
|
LVPWd (2D) (cm)
|
5.97
|
1.01
|
2.17–9.7
|
3.5
|
9.4
|
|
IVSd (M-mode) (cm)
|
0.51
|
0.1
|
0.25–0.94
|
0.27
|
0.86
|
|
LVd (M-mode) (cm)
|
2.18
|
0.35
|
1.02–3.99
|
1.32
|
3.2
|
|
LVPWd (M-mode) (cm)
|
0.56
|
0.11
|
0.29–1.03
|
0.33
|
0.89
|
|
IVSs (M-mode) (cm)
|
0.75
|
0.16
|
0.38–1.42
|
0.4
|
1.22
|
|
LVs (M-mode) (cm)
|
1.33
|
0.29
|
0.34–3.1
|
0.68
|
2.31
|
|
LVPWs (M-mode) (cm)
|
0.84
|
0.18
|
0.41–1.95
|
0.47
|
1.42
|
|
EPSS (cm)
|
0.27
|
0.1
|
0.036–0.74
|
0.08
|
0.64
|
|
TAPSE (cm)
|
1.17
|
0.25
|
0.5–1.9
|
0.6
|
1.8
|
- IVSd Interventricular septal thickness in diastole, IVSs Interventricular septal thickness in systole, LVDs Left ventricular internal diameter in systole, LVPWd Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole, LVPWs Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in systole, LA (la) Left atrial diameter in diastole from long-axis view, LA (sa) Left atrial diameter in diastole from short-axis view, TAPSE Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
