| Reference Intervals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Echo parameters | Mean | SD | Range | Lower limit | Upper limit |
LAd (sa) (cm) | 1.81 | 0.29 | 1.01–2.98 | 1.12 | 2.64 |
Ao (sa) (cm) | 1.29 | 0.22 | 0.71–2.15 | 0.79 | 1.96 |
LA/Ao (sa) | 1.41 | 0.19 | 0.96–2.14 | 1.02 | 2.03 |
LAd (la) (cm) | 2 | 0.32 | 0.39–3.68 | 1.01 | 2.9 |
Ao (la) (cm) | 1.01 | 0.18 | 0.32–1.67 | 0.61 | 1.59 |
LA/Ao (la) | 2.02 | 0.28 | 1.12–2.86 | 1.17 | 2.76 |
IVSd (2D) (cm) | 0.54 | 0.1 | 0.3–0.91 | 3.19 | 8.72 |
LVPWd (2D) (cm) | 5.97 | 1.01 | 2.17–9.7 | 3.5 | 9.4 |
IVSd (M-mode) (cm) | 0.51 | 0.1 | 0.25–0.94 | 0.27 | 0.86 |
LVd (M-mode) (cm) | 2.18 | 0.35 | 1.02–3.99 | 1.32 | 3.2 |
LVPWd (M-mode) (cm) | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.29–1.03 | 0.33 | 0.89 |
IVSs (M-mode) (cm) | 0.75 | 0.16 | 0.38–1.42 | 0.4 | 1.22 |
LVs (M-mode) (cm) | 1.33 | 0.29 | 0.34–3.1 | 0.68 | 2.31 |
LVPWs (M-mode) (cm) | 0.84 | 0.18 | 0.41–1.95 | 0.47 | 1.42 |
EPSS (cm) | 0.27 | 0.1 | 0.036–0.74 | 0.08 | 0.64 |
TAPSE (cm) | 1.17 | 0.25 | 0.5–1.9 | 0.6 | 1.8 |