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Table 4 Survival determinants in low and very low birth weight puppies

From: Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population

Parameters

VLBW [Survivor puppies as Reference]

LBW [Survivor puppies as Reference]

P-value

Odds ratio (95%CI)

P-value

Odds ratio (95%CI)

Dam age at whelping (years) [2–4 years as Reference]

 

0.001

 

 min-2

   

1.74 (0.87–3.36)

 4–6

   

1.32 (0.81–2.15)

 6-max

   

2.82 (1.66–4.8)

Breed [German Shepherd as Reference]

 

< 0.001

 

 Australian Shepherd

   

0.16 (0.04–0.57)

 Bichon Frise

   

0.66 (0.12–2.94)

 Maltese

   

0.65 (0.16–2.5)

 Cocker Spaniel

   

0.42 (0.16–1.25)

 Golden Retriever

   

0.46 (0.18–1.29)

 Labrador Retriever

   

0.51 (0.22–1.32)

 Rottweiler

   

1.37 (0.36–4.88)

 Shih Tzu

   

1.82 (0.69–5.17)

 West Highland White Terrier

   

0.83 (0.21–3)

Litter size

0.002

0.05 (0.01–0.34)

0.17

2.03 (0.74–5.66)

Gender [Female as Reference]

0.145

 

 

 Male

 

1.94 (0.8–4.87)

  

Stillbirth in the litter [Absence as Reference]

 

0.005

 

 Presence

   

0.65 (0.41–0.99)

  1. After selection of puppies from the considered category, two multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted with mortality status at 21 days of age (dead/alive) as outcome. LBW: low birth weight; VLBW: very low birth weight. Litter size is normalised by breed (formula: Y = (X – min) ÷ (max – min)). When a parameter was not selected for the multivariate model after univariate analyses, a dash is provided in the P-value row