From: 24-h variations of blood serum metabolites in high yielding dairy cows and calves
Groups | Parity Mean ± SE (minimum-maximum) | BCS Mean ± SE (minimum-maximum) | Investigation stages | Time of feedings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dry cows | 4.2 ± 0.7 (1–6) | 3.1 ± 0.5 (2.5–3.5) | From 2 to 8 weeks’ AP | At 09:30 |
Close-up | 3.1 ± 0.8 (0–4) | 3.7 ± 0.3 (3–4) | From 14 to 0 days’ AP | At 10:00 |
Fresh-lactation | 3.8 ± 0.7 (1–6) | 3.4 ± 0.6 (3–3.75) | From 1 to 3 days’ PP | At 09:00 |
Early-lactation | 4.1 ± 0.4 (1–6) | 3.1 ± 0.4 (2.5–3.5) | From 7 to 30 days’ PP | At 09:00 |
Mid-lactation | 3.7 ± 0.3 (2–5) | 2.8 ± 0.3 (2.25–3.25) | From 31 to 150 days’ PP with milk production of ≥28 Kg/day | At 08:00 and 13:00 |
Late-lactation | 4.8 ± 0.6 (2–8) | 2.6 ± 0.5 (2–3) | From 174 to 375 days’ PP with milk production of < 28 kg/day | At 07:00 |
Newborn calves | NA | NA | From 1 to 3 days’ PN | At 03:00 and 15:00 |
Suckling calves | NA | NA | From 9 to 12 days’ PN | At 03:00 and 15:00 |