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Table 1 Parity, body condition score (BCS), investigation stages and time of feedings of the study groups

From: 24-h variations of blood serum metabolites in high yielding dairy cows and calves

Groups

Parity

Mean ± SE (minimum-maximum)

BCS

Mean ± SE (minimum-maximum)

Investigation stages

Time of feedings

Dry cows

4.2 ± 0.7 (1–6)

3.1 ± 0.5 (2.5–3.5)

From 2 to 8 weeks’ AP

At 09:30

Close-up

3.1 ± 0.8 (0–4)

3.7 ± 0.3 (3–4)

From 14 to 0 days’ AP

At 10:00

Fresh-lactation

3.8 ± 0.7 (1–6)

3.4 ± 0.6 (3–3.75)

From 1 to 3 days’ PP

At 09:00

Early-lactation

4.1 ± 0.4 (1–6)

3.1 ± 0.4 (2.5–3.5)

From 7 to 30 days’ PP

At 09:00

Mid-lactation

3.7 ± 0.3 (2–5)

2.8 ± 0.3 (2.25–3.25)

From 31 to 150 days’ PP with milk production of ≥28 Kg/day

At 08:00 and 13:00

Late-lactation

4.8 ± 0.6 (2–8)

2.6 ± 0.5 (2–3)

From 174 to 375 days’ PP with milk production of < 28 kg/day

At 07:00

Newborn calves

NA

NA

From 1 to 3 days’ PN

At 03:00 and 15:00

Suckling calves

NA

NA

From 9 to 12 days’ PN

At 03:00 and 15:00

  1. NA Not applicable, AP Antepartum, PP Postpartum, PN Postnatal