Table 2 Frequency distributions of the clinical findings in healthy control cows, cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) and cows with type 1 (U1), type 2 (U2), type 3 (U3), type 4 (U4) or type 5 (U5) abomasal ulcer

Rectal temperature

38.6–39.0 °C (normal range)

≤ 38.5 or >  39.0 °C

103 (57%)^2,4,5,6

79 (43%)

56 (38%)^1,6

89 (61%)

16 (18%)^1,3,4

71 (82%)

5 (39%)

8 (62%)

≤ 38.5 °C (decreased)

21 (11%)^2,4,6

46 (32%)¹

30 (35%)¹

2 (15%)

>  38.5 °C

161 (89%)

99 (68%)

57 (66%)

11 (85%)

≤ 38.0 °C (decreased)

2 (1%)^3,4,6,7

22 (15%)^{1, 2}

16 (18%)^{1, 2}

2 (15%)¹

>  38.0 °C

180 (99%)

123 (85%)

71 (82%)

11 (85%)

>  39.0 °C (increased)

58 (32%)

43 (30%)

41 (47%)

6 (46%)

≤ 39.0 °C

124 (68%)

102 (70%)

46 (53%)

7 (54%)

>  39.5 °C (increased)

11 (6%)⁶

6 (4%)^2,6

20 (23%)^1,4

0 (0%)

≤ 39.5 °C

171 (94%)

139 (96%)

67 (77%)

13 (100%)

>  40.0 °C (increased)

1 (1%)

2 (1%)

3 (3%)

0 (0%)

≤ 40.0 °C

181 (99%)

143 (99%)

84 (97%)

13 (100%)

Heart rate

60–80 bmp (normal range)

<  60 or >  80/min

139 (76%)^3,4,5,6

43 (24%)

15 (10%)^1,2,3,5,6,7

130 (90%)

26 (30%)^1,2,4

61 (70%)

8 (57%)⁴

6 (43%)

>  80/min (increased)

28 (15%)^3,4,5,6

130 (90%)^1,2,3,5,6,7

59 (68%)^1,2,4

5 (36%)⁴

≤ 80/min

154 (85%)

15 (10%)

28 (32%)

9 (64%)

> 100/min (increased)

2 (1%)^3,4,5,6,7

90 (62%)^1,2,3,5,6

36 (41%)^1,2,4,5,7

12 (86%)^1,2,3,5,6

≤ 100/min

180 (99%)

55 (38%)

51 (59%)

2 (14%)

>  120/min (increased)

1 (1%)^3,4,6

37 (26%)^1,2,3,5

13 (15%)^1,2

1 (7%)

≤ 120/min.

181 (99%)

108 (74%)

74 (85%)

13 (93%)

Respiratory rate

15–35 breaths/min (normal range)

<  15 or >  35/min

155 (85%)^4,5,6

27 (15%)

92 (64%)¹

52 (36%)

53 (62%)¹

33 (38%)

9 (64%)

5 (36%)

>  35/min (increased)

27 (15%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

52 (36%)^1,2

33 (38%)^1,2

5 (36%)¹

≤ 35/min

155 (85%)

92 (64%)

53 (62%)

9 (64%)

>  45/min (increased)

4 (2%)^3,4,5,6,7

20 (14%)^1,2,7

17 (20%)^1,2,7

14 (100%)^1,2,3,4,5,6

≤ 45/min

178 (98%)

124 (86%)

69 (80%)

0 (0%)

> 55/min (increased)

1 (1%)^3,4,7

12 (8%)^1,2

14 (16%)^1,2

0

≤ 55/min

181 (99%)

132 (92%)

72 (84%)

0

Demeanour

abnormal

2 (1%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

141 (98%)^1,2

87 (100%)^1,2,3,5,7

13 (93%)^1,6

normal

180 (99%)

4 (2%)

0 (0%)

1 (7%)

Signs of colic

yes

0 (0%)^3,4,6,7

15 (10%)^1.2

9 (10%)^1,2

2 (14%)¹

no

182 (100%)

130 (90%)

78 (90%)

12 (86%)

Arched back

yes

1 (0.5%)^2,3,5,6,7

5 (3%)^2,6,7

24 (28%)^1,4

5 (36%)^1,4

no

181 (99%)

140 (97%)

63 (72%)

9 (64%)

Abdominal guarding

yes

no

36 (20%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

146 (80%)

61 (43%)^1,6,7

81 (57%)

68 (81%)^1,2,3,4

16 (19%)

14 (100%)^1,2,4

0 (0%)

Bruxism

yes

1 (0.5%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

18 (12%)¹

22 (25%)¹

3 (21%)¹

no

181 (99.5%)

127 (88%)

65 (75%)

11 (79%)

Scleral vessels

congested

42 (29%)^2,3,5,6,7

51 (35%)^2,3,5,6,7

66 (77%)^1,4

11 (79%)^1,4

not congested

104 (71%)

94 (65%)

20 (23%)

3 (21%)

Mucous membranes

pale

5 (3%)^4,6

100 (69%)^1,2,3,5,6,7

23 (27%)^1,2,4,5

2 (14%)⁴

not pale

177 (97%)

45 (31%)

62 (73%)

12 (86%)

Rumen motility

reduced or absent

24 (13%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

131 (92%)^1,2

85 (93%)^1,2

13 (93%)¹

normal

158 (87%)

12 (8%)

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

absent (rumen atony)

0 (0%)^2,3,4,5,6,7

64 (45%)^1,2

23 (27%)^1,2,3

5 (36%)^1,2

reduced or normal

182 (100%)

79 (55%)

63 (73%)

9 (64%)

Foreign body tests

at least one test positive

81 (44%)^2,3

36 (28%)^2,6

44 (58%)^3,4

5 (39%)

all foreign body tests negative

101 (56%)

91 (72%)

32 (42%)

8 (61%)

PSA/BSA on the right side

PSA and/or BSA positive

19 (10%)^3,4,5,6,7

47 (33%)^1,2,3

44 (51%)^1,2

9 (64%)^1,2

PSA and BSA negative

163 (90%)

96 (67%)

43 (49%)

5 (36%)

Faecal colour

dark or black

0 (0%)^3,4,5,6,7

115 (80%)^1,2,3,5,6,7

12 (16%)^1,2,4

3 (21%)^1,2,4

normal

182 (100%)

28 (20%)

63 (84%)

11 (79%)