Table 1 Mean (±SEM) and reference ranges of physiological parameters in Bactrian camels at high altitude
S. No. | Physiological Parameters | Young age (2–4 years) | Adult age (5–10 years) | Old age (11–20 years) | Reference range at low altitudea | Reference range at high altitudeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Heart Rate (beats/min) | 37.6 ± 0.88 | 35 ± 0.44 | 34 ± 1.67 | 30.0–45.0 | 30.0–40.0 |
2 | Respiration Rate (beats/min) | 12.6 ± 1.33 | 11.8 ± 0.16 | 11.6 ± 0.97 | 5.0–12.0 | 8.0–14.0 |
3 | Body Temperature (°C) | 29.6 ± 1.2 | 31 ± 0.68 | 28.2 ± 1.11 | NR | 24.0–32.0 |
4 | Rectal Temperature (°C) | 32.6 ± 0.66 | 34.8 ± 0.40 | 35.2 ± 1.31 | 32.0–35.0 | 32.0–38.0 |