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Table 6 Histomorphometric results of the intestine and liver of R. rutilus juveniles fed commercial diet (Control) and the diet supplemented with: β-glucan (G), L. plantarum (L) and β-glucan+L. plantarum (G + L) (±SD)

From: Dietary administration of β-1,3/1,6-glucan and Lactobacillus plantarum improves innate immune response and increases the number of intestine immune cells in roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Parameter

Control

G

L

G + L

Anterior fold length [μm]

342.23 ± 39.17a

282.47 ± 93.87b

313.79 ± 40.73ab

317.54 ± 32.61ab

Anterior CD3-positive cells/100 μm fold length

27.19 ± 5.07b

40.05 ± 11.97a

25.93 ± 3.27b

35.35 ± 4.33a

Anterior PCNA-positive/100 μm fold length

8.91 ± 1.68b

18.02 ± 2.32a

26.67 ± 4.94c

27.93 ± 5.06c

Anterior rodlet cells/100 μm fold length

0.65 ± 0.41b

2.13 ± 0.57c

2.64 ± 0.53c

8.73 ± 1.07a

Midgut fold length [μm]

292.48 ± 32.78b

249.34 ± 51.27b

274.69 ± 32.31b

210.71 ± 23.95a

Midgut CD3-positive cells/100 μm fold length

14.89 ± 3.83b

17.22 ± 3.30b

15.49 ± 2.64b

35.82 ± 4.72a

Midgut PCNA-positive cell/100 μm fold length

4.71 ± 0.99b

9.48 ± 2.32c

11.14 ± 1.29c

26.34 ± 4.19a

Midgut rodlet cells/100 μm fold length

1.96 ± 0.57c

1.91 ± 0.58c

3.38 ± 0.92b

7.31 ± 2.05a

Posterior fold length [μm]

290.29 ± 54.14b

297.76 ± 53.93b

330.11 ± 59.35b

248.32 ± 29.04a

Posterior CD3-positive cells/100 μm fold length

44.11 ± 9.46ab

48.94 ± 12.29a

34.22 ± 7.70c

39.36 ± 3.62bc

Posterior PCNA-positive cells/100 μm fold length

12.78 ± 1.61b

16.53 ± 3.59a

11.63 ± 1.73b

18.87 ± 4.23a

Number of PCNA-positive cells in liver/100 μm2

0.006 ± 0.003c

0.016 ± 0.004bc

0.011 ± 0.008b

0.031 ± 0.007a

  1. a,b,c - significant differences between marked values at p < 0.05