Table 1 Effect of chemicals on villus enteroids
From: Production and characterization of avian crypt-villus enteroids and the effect of chemicals
Category | Test chemicals | Supplier | Effect on enteroids |
|---|---|---|---|
Growth factors | Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) | Gibco, www.thermofisher.com | Supports budding, undulated periphery |
Recombinant human Insulin like growth factor (IGF1) | Gibco, www.thermofisher.com | Supports budding, undulation | |
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) | Peprotech, www.peprotech.com | No significant effect | |
Hormones | Thyroxin | Sigma, www.sigmaaldrich.com | No significant effect |
Dexamethasone | Sigma, www.sigmaaldrich.com | Epithelial cells impaired | |
Chicken growth hormone (cGH) | Prospec (www.prospecbio.com) | No significant effect | |
Serotonin | TCI, www.tcichemicals.com | No effect to some epithelial cell dystrophy | |
Vitamins | Trans-retinoic acid | Santa Cruz, www.scbt.com | No significant effect |
1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (calcitriol) | Biovision, www.biovision.com | Shrinking of central tissues | |
Mycotoxins | Aflatoxin B1 | Cayman chemical, www.caymanchem.com | Enteroids degraded |
Deoxynivanelol (DON) | Cayman chemical, www.caymanchem.com | Enteroids degraded (48 h), delayed effect resulting in enteroid degeneration | |
Cytochalasin B | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, www.scbt.com | Enteroids degraded | |
Endo−/ Enterotoxins | Lipopolysaccharide, (Salmonella typhimurium) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, www.scbt.com | No significant effect |
Enterotoxin type B (Staphylococcus aureus) | List Biological, www.listlabs.com | Degradation of enteroids | |
Epsilon enterotoxin (Clostridium perfringens) | List Biological, www.listlabs.com | Degradation of enteroids | |
Peptidoglycan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Millipore Sigma, www.sigmaaldrich.com | No significant effect | |
Metabolic modulators | Indomethacin (prostaglandin inhibitor) | TCI chemicals, www.tcichemicals.com | Epithelial cells shrink |
Monensin (ionophore antibiotic, anticoccidial) | Sigma, www.sigmaaldrich.com | Degeneration of enteroids | |
Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (protein kinase C activator) | AG Fluka, www.lab-honeywell.com | No significant effect | |
Pesticide | Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (Thiram) | Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO www.sigmaaldrich.com | Degeneration of enteroids |
Miscellaneous | Dextran sodium sulfate (40 kDa) | Alfa Aesar, Canada | No significant effect |