Fig. 3
Clinical parameters in conventional calves after aerosol administration of bacterial lysate. Six 3-month-old Holstein calves received aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli lysate at doses ranging from 108 to 1012 CFU equivalents (n = 6) or saline (n = 2). The data are mean ± standard error of the mean. a rectal temperature, b heart rate, and c respiratory rate over time. Individual time points were compared to baseline (time = 0) using repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01