From: Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous buprenorphine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized, prospective, masked, clinical trial
Route of administration (n = 8/group)
Postoperative time points after extubation (hours)
Total
0.5
1
2
3
4
6
8
12
24
IV
0
IM
5
SC
9