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Table 1 Number of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) presenting gross pathological and histological findings listed by system and prevalence (P)

From: Postmortem findings in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) caught in a drift gillnet

System

Macroscopic findings (n = 20)

P

Microscopic findings (n = 20)

P

Cardiovascular System

Cardiac congestion

30% (6)

Cardiac congestion

15% (3)

Cardiomegaly

5% (1)

  

Dilated atria

5% (1)

  

Jugular vein engorgement (bilateral)

50% (10)

  

Respiratory System

Pulmonary edema

100% (20)

Pneumonia

55% (11)

Pulmonary congestion

100% (20)

- Mild to moderate acute diffuse granulocytic pneumonia

35% (7)

Pulmonary hemorrhage

20% (4)

- Acute diffuse pneumonia

20% (4)

Tracheal hemorrhage

5% (1)

Mild to moderate pulmonary congestion

40% (8)

Tracheal blood cloth

5% (1)

Mild to moderate pulmonary edema

35% (7)

Frothy fluid in the trachea

5% (1)

Mild tracheal congestion

5% (1)

  

Mild to moderate tracheal edema

5% (1)

  

Mild segmented mononuclear tracheitis

5% (1)

  

Distension of the tracheal lymphoid tissue

5% (1)

  

Mild extension of the tracheal lamina propria

5% (1)

Gastrointestinal Tract

Parasitosis (Nematode, Contracaecum pelagicum)

75% (15)

Acute diffuse mild esophagitis

15% (3)

Parasitosis (Trematode, Cardiocephaloides physalis)

55% (11)

Mild to moderate multifocal coalescent esophageal microabscesses

10% (2)

Parasitosis (Cestode, Tetrabothrius lutzi)

40% (8)

Mild enteric congestion

5% (1)

Intestinal congestion

25% (5)

Mild to moderate acute diffuse granulocytic proventricular infiltrate

5% (1)

Stomach congestion

15% (3)

Mild to moderate acute diffuse proventriculitis

5% (1)

Marine debris

10% (2)

Proventricular ulcer

5% (1)

  

Mild to moderate acute diffuse ventricular infiltrate

5% (1)

  

Parasitic enteritis

65% (13)

  

Parasitic typhlitis

20% (4)

  

Coccidiosis

5% (1)

Hepatobiliary System

Hepatomegaly

20% (4)

Hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis

35% (7)

Hepatic congestion

5% (1)

Mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis

25% (5)

  

Mild mixed multifocal hepatitis

5% (1)

  

Mild predominantly mononuclear periportal hepatitis with rare granulocytes

5% (1)

  

Mild perivascular lymphocytic hepatitis

5% (1)

  

Granulocytic hepatitis

5% (1)

  

Mild to moderate diffuse hepatic congestion

15% (3)

  

Hepatic duct hyperplasia

10% (2)

  

Hepatic hemosiderosis

10% (2)

  

Mild to moderate diffuse vacuolar hepatic degeneration

5% (1)

Central Nervous System

Brain congestion

100% (20)

Cerebral congestion

95% (19)

Meningeal congestion

25% (5)

  

Skull cap congestion

10% (2)

  

Lymphoid System

Splenomegaly

55% (11)

Mild to moderate lymphoid splenic hyperplasia

55% (11)

Splenic congestion

35% (7)

Mild to moderate splenic histiocytosis

35% (7)

Congestion of the bursa of Fabricius

5% (1)

Mild to moderate acute diffuse splenitis

35% (7)

  

Mild splenic congestion

10% (2)

  

Mild splenic lymphocytolysis

10% (2)

  

Moderate splenic lymphoid proliferation

5% (1)

  

Hyperplasia of the splenic germinative centre with arteriole displacement

5% (1)

  

Necrosis of the splenic germinative centre

5% (1)

Genitourinary System

Renal congestion

20% (4)

Renal congestion

40% (8)

  

Interstitial nephritis

10% (2)

  

Histiocytic lymphoplasmacytic multifocal nephritis

5% (1)

Musculoskeletal System

Bilateral scapulohumeral joint edema

5% (1)

NAa

NA

Integumentary System

Abrasion, bruising, and local erythema and edema of the wings

50% (10/20)

NAa

 

Miscellaneous findings

Generalized hemoglobin impregnation

3/20

Pancreatic congestion

10% (2)

Caseous material in the mesentery

5% (1)

Harderian gland congestion

5% (1)

  

Thyroid congestion

5% (1)

  

Parathyroid congestion

5% (1)

  1. aNA: not available