Fig. 1

Macroscopic findings on the studied Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). All animals presented congestion in at least one system, likely caused by decreased cardiac output due to increased vascular resistance in the lungs, cardiac anoxia and acidosis. a Left wing (ventral view): edema and bruising (white arrows). b Coelomic cavity: generalized congestion and hepatomegaly, and bilateral jugular vein engorgement (white arrows). c Brain: congestion and edema. d Trachea, bronchi and lungs: congestion, and pulmonary and serosal edema. e Heart: normal fat deposits, congestion (especially in the left and right atria). f Cranial kidney lobe (transversal section): congestion. g Lungs: pulmonary congestion and edema