Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in feline mammary gland carcinomas: association with pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes

Table 1 Association between HIF-1α or VEGF and clinical/pathological factors by using TMAs

Factors	No. of patients	HIF-1α		VEGF
Factors	No. of patients	Overexpression	p value	Overexpression	p value
Age
< 12 y	32	19	ns	24	ns
≥ 12 y	40	31	ns	32	ns
Reproductive status
Intact female	24	13	ns	18	ns
Spayed female	45	34		36
Intact male	1	1		1
Castrated male	2	2		1
Clinical stage
I + II	34	20	ns	20	ns
III + IV	35	28	ns	34	ns
Pattern
Tubulopapillary	52	37	ns	41	0.021*
Solid	10	7		10
Cribriform	6	4		2
Invasive micropapillary	4	2		3
Tubule formation
>75%	39	27	ns	28	ns
10–75%	22	17		19
<10%	11	6		9
Mitotic count
≤ 20	36	25	ns	29	ns
> 20	36	25		27
Necrosis
≤ 25%	32	21	ns	26	ns
> 25%	40	29	ns	30	ns
Stromal response
Mild	11	6	ns	6	0.048*
Peritumoral	12	10		8
Intratumoral	49	34		42
Squamous differentiation
≤ 5%	27	17	ns	15	0.001*
> 5%	44	34	ns	41	0.001*
Lymphovascular invasion
Absent	37	17	ns	24	0.007*
Present	35	31	ns	32	0.007*
Lymph node metastases
Absent	10	6	ns	6	ns
Present	16	10	ns	14	ns
EE grading system
Grade 1	18	13	ns	14	ns
Grade 2	43	31		31
Grade 3	11	6		11
REE grading system
Grade 1	40	29	ns	27	ns
Grade 2	28	19		25
Grade 3	4	2		4
Novel grading system
Grade 1	5	4	ns	3	ns
Grade 2	30	23		20
Grade 3	37	23		33

ISSN: 1746-6148