Effects of hydrolyzed fish protein and autolyzed yeast as substitutes of fishmeal in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diet, on fish intestinal microbiome

Rimoldi, S.; Gini, E.; Koch, J. F. A.; Iannini, F.; Brambilla, F.; Terova, G.

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02335-1

Table 3 Percentages of the most abundant taxa (mean ± SEM) found in all dietary groups

From: Effects of hydrolyzed fish protein and autolyzed yeast as substitutes of fishmeal in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diet, on fish intestinal microbiome

Phylum	Ctrl			FPH			AY			p-value
Firmicutes	58.6	±	2.9	54.6	±	4.3	41.5	±	2.9
Proteobacteria	39.7	±	3.1	41.5	±	4.5	49.4	±	2.9
Spirochaetes	1.1	±	1.1	3.3	±	2.8	2.5	±	1.2
Class
Bacilli	73.5	±	3.9	66.2	±	6.2	72.2	±	3.9
Clostridia	1.0	±	0.2	2.1	±	0.6	2.5	±	0.7
Alphaproteobacteria	1.2	±	0.3^b	3.6	±	1.8^b	1.8	±	0.6^a	*
Gammaproteobacteria	21.9	±	4.1	23.3	±	6.0	17.1	±	4.5
Brevinematae	1.5	±	1.4	3.8	±	3.3	4.0	±	1.8
Order
Bacillales	1.9	±	0.2^b	2.3	±	0.4^ab	3.7	±	0.5^a	**
Lactobacillales	71.5	±	3.9	63.9	±	6.1	68.4	±	3.6
Clostridiales	< 1.0^b			2.0	±	0.6^ab	2.5	±	0.6^a	*
Rhodobacterales	< 1.0			3.3	±	1.7	1.3	±	0.6
Alteromonadales	2.0	±	0.5^a	< 1.0^b			1.1	±	0.2^a	***
nterobacteriales	0.6	±	0.2^ab	< 1.0^b			1.1	±	0.2^a	***
Pseudomonadales	0.8	±	0.2	1.0	±	0.2	1.0	±	0.2
Vibrionales	18.2	±	4.1	21.9	±	6.1	13.6	±	4.6
Brevinematales	1.4	±	1.4	3.8	±	3.2	3.9	±	1.2
Family
Prevotellaceae	< 0.5^b			n.d.			0.8	±	0.3^a	***
Bacillaceae	1.1	±	0.2^b	1.2	±	0.4^b	2.8	±	0.5^a	**
Lactobacillales	70.9	±	3.9	63.6	±	6.1	67.8	±	3.7
Clostridiaceae	0.5	±	0.0	1.6	±	0.6	1.0	±	0.5
Veillonellaceae	n.d.			n.d.			1.2	±	0.2	***
Rhodobacteriaceae	0.7	±	0.3	3.30	±	1.8	1.3	±	0.6
Shewanellaceae	2.0	±	0.5^a	< 1.0^b			1.1	±	0.2^a	***
Enterobacteriaceae	0.6	±	0.2^ab	< 1.0^b			1.1	±	0.2^a	***
Pseudomonadaceae	0.7	±	0.1	1.0	±	0.2	1.0	±	0.2
Pseudoalteromonadaceae	1.0	±	0.2^a	1.1	±	1.0^b	< 0.5^b			**
Vibrionaceae	17.2	±	4.1	20.8	±	5.9	13.5	±	4.6
Brevinemataceaeae	1.4	±	1.4	3.8	±	3.2	4.0	±	1.8
Genus
Prevotella	n.d.			n.d.			0.8	±	0.3	***
Bacillus	0.9	±	0.2^b	1.5	±	0.4^b	2.3	±	0.6^a	**
Staphylococcus	< 0.5			0.8	±	0.1	0.8	±	0.2
Lactobacillus	70.9	±	3.9	63.6	±	6.1	67.8	±	3.7
Clostridium	< 0.5			1.3	±	0.6	0.8	±	0.5
Megasphaera	n.d.			n.d.			1.2	±	0.3^a	***
Comamonas	< 0.5			< 0.5			0.6	±	0.2
Shewanella	2.0	±	0.5^a	< 0.5^b			1.1	±	0.3^a	***
Erwinia	< 0.5^ab			< 0.5^b			0.6	±	0.2^a	**
Pseudomonas	0.7	±	0.1	0.9	±	0.3	1.0	±	0.3
Pseudoalteromonas	0.9	±	0.2^a	< 0.5^b			< 0.5^b			***
Photobacterium	12.4	±	4.2	20.2	±	5.8	10.9	±	4.4
Vibrio	4.7	±	1.3^a	0.5	±	0.2^b	2.5	±	0.7^a	***

“n.d.” means not detected. Statistical significance: (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01; (***) p < 0.001
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences (Dunn’s post hoc test, p < 0.05)

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