Fig. 5

TEER results of four groups with different treatments. The result of TEER measurement showed that LPS(1 μg/mL) decreased the TEER, while combined with betaine, the TEER was relieved to normal. And betaine alone increased the TEER and all the effects continued to 72 h. Noticeably, all the TEER value in 0 h were very close and didn’t have a big margin of error. All the results were repeated three times (Data are expressed by means ± SD, n = 3, *p < 0.05 ** P < 0.01, comparison between various groups by two-way ANOVA)