Fig. 1

Percentage of Escherichia coli-positive fecal samples from Ontario small poultry flocks with production, clinical illness, or mortality issues that were resistant to antimicrobials, by poultry species.^ABCD. ^ASample-level resistance to 14 selected antimicrobials (including meropenem), as determined by a broth microdilution technique. GEN = gentamicin; STR = streptomycin; AMP = ampicillin; AMC = amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; CRO = ceftriaxone; FOX = cefoxitin; SSS = sulfisoxazole; STX = trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; AZM = azithromycin; CHL = chloramphenicol; CIP = ciprofloxacin; NAL = nalidixic acid; TET = tetracycline. Only antimicrobials for which resistance was detected are shown. ^BAntimicrobial classes. Aminoglycosides (GEN, STR); β-Lactams (AMP, AMC, CRO, FOX); Folate biosynthesis pathway inhibitors (SSS, STX); Macrolides (AZM); Phenicols (CHL); Quinolones (CIP, NAL); Tetracyclines (TET). ^CFor each poultry species, estimates were computed by dividing the number of samples resistant to an antimicrobial by the total number of E. coli-positive samples. A sample was considered to be resistant to a specific antimicrobial if at least one isolate from a pooled cecal sample was resistant. ^DExact binomial 95% confidence interval for the proportion of antimicrobial resistant samples