Skip to main content

Table 1 Herd demographic factors and environmental factors associated with JD in North American dairy cattle, according to the published literature

From: Use of a voluntary testing program to study the spatial epidemiology of Johne’s disease affecting dairy herds in Minnesota: a cross sectional study

 

Covariates

Reference

1

Herd size

[38,39,40]

2

Testing frequency

[29]

3

Soil type (texture)

[22]

4

Soil pH

[41, 42]

5

Soil hydrologic characteristics i.e. run-off potential

[22, 43]

6

Agroecological zone (Montane/Boreal forest/Grassland/Parkland)

[39]

7

Participating the USDA Voluntary Johne’s Disease Herd Status Program i.e. VJDHSP (n = 24)

[9, 30]

8

Spatial dependence: Presence of neighboring dairy farms

[44]