Table 2 Final multivariable mixed logistic regression model for canine leptospirosis PCR tests in the United States
Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
Dog age (years) | < 0.001 | |
0–4 | Reference | |
5–7 | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) | < 0.001 |
8–10 | 0.48 (0.43, 0.55) | < 0.001 |
> 10 | 0.35 (0.30, 0.40) | < 0.001 |
Dog sex | < 0.001 | |
Female | Reference | |
Male | 1.28 (1.17, 1.40) | |
Year test performed | < 0.001 | |
2009 | Reference | |
2010 | 0.63 (0.44, 0.90) | 0.012 |
2011 | 0.65 (0.46, 0.93) | 0.018 |
2012 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.41) | 0.925 |
2013 | 2.08 (1.55, 2.80) | < 0.001 |
2014 | 1.93 (1.45, 2.57) | < 0.001 |
2015 | 1.45 (1.09, 1.93) | 0.010 |
2016 | 1.22 (0.91, 1.62) | 0.178 |
Region1 | 0.0398 | |
Midwest | Reference | |
Southwest | 1.05 (0.68, 1.64) | 0.816 |
West | 0.67 (0.47, 0.94) | 0.022 |
Southeast | 0.68 (0.51, 0.91) | 0.009 |
Northeast | 0.80 (0.59, 1.09) | 0.165 |
State climate division Palmer Drought Severity Index1,2 | < 0.001 | |
≤ 0 (dry conditions) | Reference | |
> 0 (wet conditions) | 1.24 (1.10, 1.38) | |
State climate division precipitation (centimeters)1,2 | 0.0104 | |
0–2.5 | Reference | |
2.6–7.6 | 1.30 (1.10, 1.54) | 0.002 |
7.7–12.7 | 1.32 (1.10, 1.58) | 0.003 |
> 12.7 | 1.35 (1.10, 1.65) | 0.003 |
Season test performed | < 0.001 | |
Fall | Reference | |
Winter | 0.41 (0.32, 0.54) | < 0.001 |
Spring | 0.18 (0.11, 0.29) | < 0.001 |
Summer | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.537 |
State climate division temperature (°C)1,2 | < 0.001 | |
≤ 4 | Reference | |
5–13 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.08) | 0.182 |
14–21 | 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) | < 0.001 |
> 21 | 0.49 (0.35, 0.68) | < 0.001 |
Interaction between season test performed and state climate division temperature (°C)3 | < 0.001 | |