From: Ultrasonographic assessment of normal jugular veins in Standardbred horses
Scansion | Ultrasound Parameters | Age group | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Young (3–7 years old) | Mature (8–14 years old) | Old (> 14 years old) | ||
Longitudinal Scan | Dorsoventral vein diameter (LDVVD) | 1.65 ± 0.16a cm (1.72;1.11–1.85) | 1.58 ± 0.27 a cm (1.61;0.96–2.28) | 1.58 ± 0.28 a cm (1.59;0.98–2.27) |
Superficial wall thickness (SWT) | 0.07 ± 0.01a cm (0.08;0.06–0.09) | 0.08 ± 0.01b cm (0.08;0.05–0.1) | 0.07 ± 0.01a cm (0.07;0.05–0.11) | |
Deep wall thickness (DWT) | 0.08 ± 0.01a cm (0.08;0.06–0.1) | 0.08 ± 0.01a cm (0.08-;0.06–0.11) | 0.08 ± 0.01a cm (0.08;0.05–0.11) | |
Transverse scan | Dorsoventral vein diameter (TDVVD) | 1.54 ± 0.18 a cm (1.53; 1.2–1.9) | 1.59 ± 0.23a cm (1.58;1.01–2.12) | 1.56 ± 0.25a cm (1.55;1.08–2.12) |
Lateromedial vein diameter (LMVD) | 2.02 ± 0.19a cm (2.02;1.55–2.33) | 2.10 ± 0.25b cm (2.21;1.43–2.76) | 2.29 ± 0.24c cm (2.29;1.86–2.8) | |
Superficial wall thickness (SWT) | 0.07 ± 0.01a cm (0.07;0.05–0.08) | 0.07 ± 0.01 a cm (0.07;0.04–0.11) | 0.07 ± 0.01a cm (0.07;0.04–0.09) | |
Deep wall thickness (DWT) | 0.08 ± 0.01a cm (0.08;0.05–0.1) | 0.08 ± 0.01a cm (0.08;0.05–0.1) | 0.07 ± 0.01 a cm (0.07;0.04–0.1) | |
Vein perimeter (VP) | 5.65 ± 0.50a cm (5.67;4.52–6.62) | 6.02 ± 0.64b cm (6.09;3.89–7.64) | 6.17 ± 0.65b cm (6.25;4.84–7.78) |