Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation (SD), median, minimum and maximum values for each ultrasound measurement of the jugular veins, obtained in longitudinal and transverse scans. Sub-category values (mean ± SD) for side, weight, withers height and neck length, as identified by a standard least square model for effects’ leverage analysis, were reported
From: Ultrasonographic assessment of normal jugular veins in Standardbred horses
Ultrasound parameters | Morphometric parameters | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD (Median; range) cm | Side | Weight (494.44 ± 41.73 cm) | Withers height (159.40 ± 4.96 cm) | Neck length (51.89 ± 5.54 cm) | ||||||
Longitudinal Scan | Dorsoventral vein diameter (LDVVD) | 1.59 ± 0.26 (1.61;0.96–2.28) | left | right | – | – | < 52 cm | ≥52 cm | ||
1.65 ± 0.24 | 1.53 ± 0.27 | 1.51 ± 0.27 | 1.70 ± 0.21 | |||||||
Superficial wall thickness (SWT) | 0.08 ± 0.01 (0.08;0.05–0.11) | – | ≤490 kg | > 490 kg | – | – | ||||
0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |||||||||
Deep wall thickness (DWT) | 0.08 ± 0.01 (0.08;0.05–0.11) | – | – | – | – | |||||
Transverse scan | Dorsoventral vein diameter (TDVVD) | 1.58 ± 0.23 (1.57; 1.01–2.12) | – | – | – | < 52 cm | ≥52 cm | |||
1.54 ± 0.23 | 1.61 ± 0.23 | |||||||||
Lateromedial vein diameter (LMVD) | 2.20 ± 0.25 (2.21;1.43–2.80) | – | – | – | – | |||||
Superficial wall thickness (SWT) | 0.07 ± 0.01* (0.07;0.04–0.10) | – | – | ≤159 cm | > 159 cm | < 52 cm | ≥52 cm | |||
0.073 ± 0.01 | 0.069 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |||||||
Deep wall thickness (DWT) | 0.08 ± 0.01* (0.08;0.04–0.10) | – | – | ≤159 cm | > 159 cm | < 50 cm | ≥50 cm | |||
0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |||||||
Vein perimeter (VP) | 5.65 ± 0.50 (5.67;4.52–6.62) | – | – | – | – | |||||