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Table 4 Conventional and immunomodulatory therapeutic approach to feline chronic gingivostomatitis

From: Mesenchymal stem cells therapy in companion animals: useful for immune-mediated diseases?

 

Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis

Teeth extraction

All teeth with inflammation of the gingiva and adjacent mucosa should be removed, as well as teeth with dental resorption lesions and with advanced periodontal disease [21, 55].

Oral hygiene

Professional veterinary dental cleaning with follow-up controls [57, 60].

Corticosteroids

Prednisolone after tooth extraction (3–4 mg/kg SID during 3 to 4 weeks) [57, 59]. Although its use is still controversial among authors.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a potent immunossupressive that minimizes IL-2 expression and subsequently minimizes T cell numbers. Usually microemulsified cyclosporine suspension (2–5 mg/kg PO BID) is used. However a modified cyclosporine has recently been introduced (7.5–10 mg/kg PO SID) and needs to be administrated in higher dosages to attain proper blood levels [57, 59, 61].

Feline recombinant interferon omega

This drug has not displayed adverse effects and is licensed to treat retroviral infections. Studies have shown that interferon delivered transmucosally was as effective as prednisolone in decreasing clinical signs [57, 59].

CO2 laser therapy

The purpose of this therapy is to carbonize inflamed tissue, resulting in the formation of scar tissue. This scar tissue is considerably less likely to become inflamed over time. This therapy may be repeated in 4 to 6 weeks, if needed [57, 59, 62].