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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study dog groups and serology results for the VBPs tested. All dogs tested negative for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies

From: Associations between clinical canine leishmaniosis and multiple vector-borne co-infections: a case-control serological study

Characteristic

No. of cases

ClinL (%) (n = 47)

No. of Control (%) (n = 87)

Age in years

 Median

3.0

4.1

 Interquartile range

3.3

3.0

Sex

 Male

23 (49)

47 (54)

 Female

24 (51)

40 (46)

Lifestyle

 Outdoors

34 (72)

65 (75)

 Mainly indoors

13 (28)

22 (25)

Ectoparasitic prevention

 Used

16 (34)

36 (41)

 Not used

31 (66)

51 (59)

Breed

 Pedigree

33 (70)

65 (75)

 Crossbreed

14 (30)

22 (25)

E. canis/E. ewingii

 Positive

17 (36)

14 (16)

 Negative

30 (64)

73 (84)

A. phagocytophilum/A. platys

 Positive

5 (10)

2 (2)

 Negative

42 (90)

85 (98)

D. immitis

 Positive

2 (4)

0 (0)

 Negative

45 (96)

87 (100)

  1. Abbreviations: VBP Vector-borne pathogen, ClinL Clinical leishmaniosis, E. canis Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii Ehrlichia ewingii, D. immitis Dirofilaria immitis, A. phagocytophilum Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys. Anaplasma platys