Fig. 2

Structural equation model showing predictors of vector-borne serological exposure status (except ClinL), and pathogen covariance (including ClinL), in domestic dogs. Values represent standardised coefficients among variables. Single headed arrows represent directional/causal relationships and double headed arrows covariance relationships among pathogens. For image clarity the serological status is in yellow boxes and the coefficients of host characteristics predicting pathogens are listed next to each host characteristic. The covariances E. canis, A. platys, Hepatozoon spp. and M. haemocanis were PCR-based diagnosed. In all cases, except age, variables are binomial (0 or 1) with 1 equal to male, outside, ectoparasitic prevention use, pedigree and positive pathogen status. Standardised coefficients with significant relationships of P ≤ 0.05 (also see Table 2) are denoted in bold. Abbreviations: ClinL, clinical leishmaniosis; E. canis, Ehrlichia canis; E. ewingii, Ehrlichia ewingii; A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma phagocytophilum; A. platys. Anaplasma platys; M. haemocanis, Mycoplasma haemocanis