Fig. 3

The immune activating function of established anti-CTLA-4 mAb. PBMCs were isolated from healthy cattle and cultured for 3 days in the a presence or b absence of SEB. The cultured PBMCs were harvested, and the expression of CTLA-4 was measured using flow cytometry. The lymphocyte population was gated by forward and side scattering, and the incorporation of CTLA-4 on IgM⁻ cells was measured using flow cytometry. c PBMCs (n = 11) were isolated from healthy cattle and cultured with 20 μg/ml control Ig or anti-CTLA-4 mAb in the presence of SEB. The supernatant from the culture medium was harvested after 7 days, and an ELISA was used to measure the IFN-γ concentration. The bar indicates the average of each group. Statistical comparisons between each group were made using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.01