Table 1 Accelerometry data collected from 21 horses during water treadmill exercise

Peak acceleration: Hoof (g)

3.81 (2.99–5.05)

5.24 (4.17–5.99)^d

^***

2.77 (2.53–3.85)^a

^***

4.11 (3.37–5.20)^a d

^***

^***

2.80 (2.22–3.61)^a

^***

4.76 (3.37–5.20)^a d

^***

^***

2.85 (2.13–3.54)^a b

^***

^*

3.93 (3.20–4.84)^a b d

^***

^*

^***

Peak acceleration: Cannon (g)

1.99 (1.63–2.89)^c

^***

2.95 (2.36–3.45)^c

^***

1.72 (1.35–2.23)^a c

^***

^***

1.95 (1.54–2.32)^a c

^***

^***

1.49 (1.33–1.73)^a c

^***

^***

1.99 (1.62–2.26)^a c

^***

^***

1.43 (1.23–1.76)^a b c

^***

^***

^*

1.85 (1.43–2.06)^a b c

^***

^***

^*

Peak acceleration: Radius (g)

1.72 (1.28–1.91)^{c e}

^***

^**

1.97 (1.72–2.14)^{c e}

^***

^**

1.27 (1.17–1.56)^{a c e}

^***

^***

^**

1.67 (1.51–1.93)^{a c e}

^***

^***

^**

1.14 (0.99–1.29)^{a c e}

^***

^***

^**

1.50 (1.33–1.70)^{a c e}

^***

^***

^**

0.92 (0.80–1.16)^{a b c e}

^***

^*

^***

^**

1.19 (1.05–1.31)^{a b c e}

^***

^*

^***

^**

Frequency domain attenuation: Hoof-cannon (dB)

0.65 (−0.52–3.32)

0.00 (−1.70–4.36)

0.00 (− 1.17–2.91)

0.17 (−2.13–2.80)

0.23 (− 2.24–1.12)

−0.16 (− 2.07–1.14)

− 1.08 (− 1.76–0.14)^b

^***

−0.92 (− 2.87–1.04)^b

^***

Frequency domain attenuation: Cannon-radius (dB)

−7.51 [− 9.47-(− 6.74)]^f

^***

−8.11 [− 9.01-(− 7.57)]^f

^***

− 4.73 [− 6.97-(− 2.38)]^f

^***

−6.03 [− 7.89-(− 4.51)]^f

^***

−3.98 [− 7.01-(− 2.14)]^f

^***

−7.75 [− 9.23-(− 5.97)]^f

^***

−6.49 [− 9.01-(− 7.57)]^{b f}

^***

^***

−8.25 [− 10.55-(− 5.70)]^b f

^***

^***

Frequency domain attenuation: Hoof-radius (dB)

−8.19 [− 10.49-(− 6.37]^f

^***

−8.74 [− 10.14-(− 5.04]^f

^***

− 6.70 [− 9.80-(− 5.33)]^f

^***

−8.37 [− 10.36-(− 4.44)]^f

^***

−8.58 [− 10.12-(− 7.33)]^f

^***

−9.34 [− 11.65-(− 6.14)]^f

^***

−10.13 [− 12.51-(− 7.15)]^b f

^***

^***

−9.47 [− 13.69-(− 8.88)]^b f

^***

^***

Stride frequency (strides/min)

39.22 (37.53–42.68)

47.52 (44.16–48.85)^{d ***}

37.27 (31.90–39.71)^a

^***

40.48 (37.68–43.09)^a d

^***

^***

34.25 (31.28–38.40)^a

^***

39.92 (37.77–41.02)^a d

^***

^***

35.55 (32.36–39.23)^a b

^***

^*

38.15 (35.69–40.88)^a d

^***

^***