Effects of postbiotic supplementation on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial profile, blood metabolite and GHR, IGF-1 and MCT-1 gene expression in post-weaning lambs

Table 3 Rumen fermentation characteristics in post-weaning lambs supplemented with and without postbiotics

Parameters	Control	Postbiotic	SEM	P-value
pH	5.55	5.53	0.03	0.82
NH₃-N, (ppm)	1.46^a	2.00^b	0.14	0.04
Volatile fatty acids (VFA), mM
Acetic acid (A)	84.82	82.70	2.15	0.63
Propionic acid (P)	31.81^a	37.56^b	1.65	0.03
Butyric acid	9.30	9.31	0.37	1.00
iso-butyric acid	1.28	1.35	0.04	0.37
Valeric acid	1.18	1.15	0.06	0.89
iso-valeric acid	2.55	2.60	0.15	0.86
Total VFA	130.98	134.64	2.00	0.40
A:P	2.43	2.17	0.09	0.17

VFA Volatile fatty acids. ^a,b Different superscripts in each row are significantly different (P < 0.05). Experimental unit, (n = 6)

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