From: Metabolic derangements and reduced survival of bile-extracted Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)
 | Females (%) | Males (%) | Mean age (yrs) (range) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bile-extracted | (n = 244) | 151 (62) | 93 (38) | 9 (3–30, n = 218) |
Farm-not-extracted | (n = 97) | 54 (56) | 43 (44) | 5 (1–18, n = 25) |
Zoo | (n = 20) | 11 (55) | 9 (45) | 7 (1–20, n = 11) |
Free-range | (n = 25) | 9 (36) | 16 (64) | 7 (3–15, n = 18) |