Metabolic derangements and reduced survival of bile-extracted Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Bando, Monica Kaho Herkules; Nelson, O. Lynne; Kogan, Clark; Sellon, Rance; Wiest, Michelle; Bacon, Heather J.; Hunter-Ishikawa, Mandala; Leadbeater, Wendy; Yamazaki, Koji; Jin, Yipeng; Komatsu, Takeshi; McGeachy, David

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2006-6

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 5 ANCOVA Model 2B: Bile-Extracted, Farm-Not-Extracted, Zoo, and Free-Range Bear Data adjusting for sex (log transformed)

From: Metabolic derangements and reduced survival of bile-extracted Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Serum/Hematology Parameters	Obs	Bear Group (p-value)	Interactions	Level	Difference	SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	p-value
Serum/Hematology Parameters	Obs	Bear Group (p-value)	Sex	Level	Difference	SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	p-value
ALT	383	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	0.287	0.074	0.138	0.436	0.000^c
				BE-Zoo	0.510	0.145	0.220	0.801	0.001^c
				BE-FR	0.249	0.132	0.015	0.513	0.065^c
GGT	344	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	0.732	0.118	0.493	0.970	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	2.093	0.211	1.663	2.523	< 0.0001^c
				BE-FR	2.128	0.192	1.737	2.519	< 0.0001^c
ALKP	366	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	−0.037	0.084	−0.211	0.137	0.737^c
				BE-Zoo	−1.135	0.163	−1.471	−0.800	< 0.0001^c
				BE-FR	−0.111	0.148	−0.417	0.194	0.515^c
LDH	294	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	−0.568	0.070	−0.714	−0.423	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	−0.218	0.117	−0.460	0.023	< 0.0001^c
				BE-FR	−0.471	0.107	−0.691	− 0.250	0.078^c
CK	301	0.0002	–	BE-FNE	0.593	0.131	0.318	0.867	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	0.209	0.222	−0.256	0.675	0.424
				BE-FR	0.091	0.202	−0.334	0.516	0.761
CREA	371		< 0.0001	F,BE-F,FNE	−0.134	0.052	−0.294	0.025	0.172^b
				F,BE-F,Zoo	−0.077	0.103	−0.390	0.237	0.996^b
				F,BE-F,FR	0.309	0.113	−0.036	0.653	0.117^b
				M,BE-M,FNE	0.225	0.061	0.039	0.412	0.006^b
				M,BE-M,Zoo	0.164	0.115	−0.186	0.515	0.843^b
				M,BE-M,FR	0.150	0.089	−0.122	0.422	0.701^b
TP	386	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	0.074	0.014	0.046	0.101	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	−0.027	0.027	−0.081	0.026	0.328^c
				BE-FR	0.033	0.024	−0.016	0.082	0.186^c
ALB	386	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	0.253	0.020	0.214	0.293	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	0.311	0.038	0.234	0.388	< 0.0001^c
				BE-FR	0.207	0.035	0.137	0.277	< 0.0001^c
GLOB	385	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	−0.127	0.027	−0.181	−0.073	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	−0.350	0.053	−0.456	−0.245	< 0.0001^c
				BE-FR	−0.172	0.048	−0.268	−0.076	0.0004
PCV	343	0.0148	–	BE-FNE	0.009	0.030	−0.052	0.070	0.790^c
				BE-Zoo	−0.150	0.053	−0.256	− 0.044	0.005^c
				BE-FR	−0.077	0.049	−0.175	0.022	0.128^c
TWBC	335	< 0.0001	–	BE-FNE	0.314	0.062	0.189	0.439	< 0.0001^c
				BE-Zoo	−0.113	0.098	−0.310	0.083	0.2651^c
				BE-FR	0.354	0.091	0.171	0.536	0.0001^c

Obs = number of observations; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; GGT = gamma glutamyl transferase; ALKP = alkaline phosphatase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CK = creatine kinase; CREA = creatinine; TP = total protein; ALB = albumin; GLOB = globulin; PCV = packed cell volume; TWB = total white blood cell count; BE = bile-extracted; FNE = farm-not-extracted; FR = free-range; F = female; M = male; “- -” indicates p-values > 0.05 and denotes interaction terms removed by stepwise selection, resulting in the reported significant p-values listed under Bear Group or Interaction columns after the other interactions terms were removed from the model; ^bTukey HSD, ^cDunnett

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